beta-Amyloid precursor protein apparently undergoes at least three major cleavages, gamma-, epsilon-, and the newly identified zeta-cleavage, within its transmembrane domain to produce secreted beta-amyloid (Abeta). However, roles of epsilon- zeta-cleavages in formation Abeta relationship among these namely zeta-, gamma-cleavages, remain elusive. We investigated issues by attempting determine turnover intermediate products generated presence or absence known gamma-secretase inhibitors. By...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) modulates vascular cell function in vitro and vivo via regulating the expression of specific genes. Previously, we reported that a transcriptional mechanism controls LPA-induced Egr-1 smooth muscle cells. is master transcription factor mediating various genes have been implied to modulate broad spectrum pathologies. In this study, determined essential intracellular signaling pathway leading expression. Our data demonstrate activation ERK1/2 JNK, but not p38 MAPK,...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), one component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, is a potent bioactive phospholipid. Early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1), an important transcription factor, regulates expression array genes involved in vascular diseases. Whether and how LPA the transcriptional machinery Egr-1 gene unknown addressed this study.We found that markedly induces mRNA protein aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). RNA stability nuclear run-on assays reveal LPA-induced controlled at...

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental betaine on growth performance, body composition and lipid deposition in allogynogenetic gibel carp. Four isoproteic (37% crude protein) isolipidic (5% lipid) artificial diets with 0%, 0.08%, 0.4% 2% supplementation were formulated, named VB0, VB0.08, VB0.4 VB2, respectively. Each diet fed triplicate fish about 10 g weight. The results showed that significantly improved performance reduced content...

A 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary protein requirement of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkia (5.17 ± 0.32 g), as well effects different (26 %, 28 30 32 % and 34 %) on growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzymes activity immunity P. clarkia. Each diet fed four replicate tanks in a re-circulated water system, each had 40 prawns. Results showed that with significantly higher final weight, weight gain rate specific than 26 (P < 0.05), but no...

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus pumilus on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prawns (mean weight: 1.81 ± 0.01 g) were fed different levels B. at doses 0, 1 × 107, 108 109 CFU/g produce one control group three experimental groups (G1, G2 G3), respectively. After a 60-day feeding period, results showed that final weight, weight gain rate (WGR) specific (SGR) significantly higher in...

Given the universal presence of antagonism between arginine and lysine, determining optimal dietary arginine/lysine level is great importance. In this study, eight diets were formulated to contain different level, followed by a 9-week feeding trial with shrimps 2.10 ± 0.01 cm in length 0.38 0.02 g weight determine effect on growth performance, body composition enzyme activity. The results showed that Diet 6 (arginine/lysine 29.4/21.0 g/kg) group had significantly higher gain rate, specific...

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of astaxanthin on reactive oxide species (ROS), antioxidant capacity as well molting-related genes expression in larvae giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. A total 90,000 were assigned five treatments with six replicates each. Astaxanthin mixed steamed eggs graded effective content 0 (control, A0), 40 (A40), 80 (A80), 160 (A160) and 320 (A320) mg kg−1 fed for 14 days. The results showed that ROS significantly lower than...

The fatty acid compositions of the fish muscle and liver are substantially affected by rearing environment. However, mechanisms underlying this effect have not been thoroughly described. In study, we investigated effects different culture patterns, i.e., marine cage freshwater pond culture, on long-chain polyunsaturated acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in an aquaculturally important fish, Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Fish were obtained from two commercial farms Guangdong province,...

This research aimed to investigate the role of dietary betaine in high-fat diet cholesterol metabolism gibel carp. Fish were randomly allocated five groups and fed with basic diet, 1 g/kg, 4 g/kg 16 betaine, respectively. The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks. results showed that though addition decreased fish final body weight, it alleviated lipid disorder caused by according serum TC, TG, LDLC HDLC levels. More importantly, supplementation enhanced synthesis as well conversion bile acid...

A 63-day growth trial was conducted with northern snakehead Channa argus to evaluate how rapidly its performance and reproducibly gut microbiota respond different dietary protein sources. Four diets were formulated levels of soybean meal as a replacement for fishmeal (0%, 25%, 50% 75%). Each diet fed three replicates juvenile C. (30 juveniles per replicate, initial weight 8.65 ± 0.25 g) produce groups G1, G2, G3 G4 respectively. During this trial, survival rate, intestinal composition...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), one component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), is a potent bioactive phospholipid. Our recent data reveal that LPA induces matricellular protein CCN1 (also known as Cyr61) expression in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and bridges integrin signaling pathways leading to SMC migration. Whether how regulates the transcriptional machinery gene are unknown. In this study, we found markedly mRNA SMCs. Using deleting mutation reporter strategies,...

The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity effect and accumulation microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) on crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). Juvenile P. (5.47 ± 1.3 g) were cultured under 5 different MC-LR concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 mg/l), then observed. median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) juvenile 3.741 mg/l at 24 h, 1.494 48 0.817 72 h 0.567 96 h. Accumulation measured in organs mature (58.7 3.8 exposed 0.3 for 120 detected decreased sequence:...

The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is abundantly farmed in East China and Southeast Asia. To date, limited information exists on the relationship between protein astaxanthin, antioxidation non-specific immunity functions. This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary astaxanthin levels growth, hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity immune response prawns. Further, interaction determined. In total, 1800 juveniles were randomly allocated into nine treatments with...

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of astaxanthin on ROS, antioxidant capacity as well molting-related genes expression in larvae giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium Rosenbergii. 90,000 were assigned five treatments with six replicates each. Astaxanthin mixed steamed eggs graded effective content 0 (control, A0), 40 (A40), 80 (A80), 160 (A160) and 320 (A320) mg kg-1 fed respectively. Feeding trials lasted for 14 d. The results showed that ROS each treatment...

Subcellular sites for generation of Aβ have been the subject intensive research in understanding pathogenesis Alzheimer’s disease. We previously identified a long form Aβ, Aβ46. Here we report that Aβ46 is generated Golgi/trans-Golgi-network (TGN) compartments neruo 2a cells. Using brief centrifugation, was found to be co-present with γ-secretase components 20,000 x g membrane fraction but not supernatant. Cell surface trypsinization demonstrates largely resistant trypsinization. Treatment...