A5062197686- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development
- Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
- Blood properties and coagulation
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Religion, Society, and Development
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Plant and animal studies
- Hippo pathway signaling and YAP/TAZ
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
Columbia University
2019-2024
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2010-2020
Stanford University
2010-2020
University of California, Davis
2020
New York University
2017-2018
Harvard University
2011
Laboratoire de Biochimie
2007
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
2007
Portland State University
2000
Keratocytes are fast-moving cells in which adhesion dynamics tightly coupled to the actin polymerization motor that drives migration, resulting highly coordinated cell movement. We have found modifying adhesive properties of underlying substrate has a dramatic effect on keratocyte morphology. Cells crawling at intermediate strengths resembled stereotypical keratocytes, characterized by broad, fan-shaped lamellipodium, clearly defined leading and trailing edges, persistent rates protrusion...
We have analyzed the spontaneous symmetry breaking and initiation of actin-based motility in keratocytes (fish epithelial cells). In stationary keratocytes, actin network flow was inwards radially symmetric. Immediately before initiation, increased at prospective cell rear reoriented perinuclear region, aligning with axis movement. Changes front were detectable only after polarization. Inhibition myosin II or Rho kinase disrupted organization region decreased frequency, whereas increasing...
Significance Symmetry breaking and motility initiation are required for many physiological pathological processes, but the mechanical mechanisms that drive symmetry not well understood. Fish keratocytes break spontaneously, in absence of external cues, with myosin-driven actin flow preceding rear retraction. Here we combine experimental manipulations mathematical modeling to show critical event is a flow-dependent, nonlinear switch adhesion strength. Moreover, our results suggest feedback...
Neuronal morphology influences synaptic connectivity and neuronal signal processing. However, it remains unclear how shape affects steady-state distributions of organelles like mitochondria. In this work, we investigated the link between mitochondrial transport dendrite branching patterns by combining mathematical modeling with in vivo measurements architecture, motility, localization Drosophila HS (horizontal system) neurons. our model, different forms morphological scaling rules—which set...
Abstract Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by relatively few malignant Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells admixed within a reactive T cell rich inflammatory infiltrate. There growing recognition that the HL‐associated milieu may enhance rather than inhibit growth of RS tumor cells. Since little known immunophenotype HL infiltrate we have performed detailed retrospective comparison flow and lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) to identify HL‐specific immunophenotypic features. Methods: Single...
Drosophila color vision is achieved by comparing outputs from two types of color-sensitive photoreceptors, R7 and R8. Ommatidia (unit eyes) are classified into subtypes, known as 'pale' or 'yellow', depending on Rhodopsin expression in Subtype specification controlled a stochastic decision instructed to the underlying We find that Activin receptor Baboon required R8 receive non-redundant signaling three ligands, activating transcription factor dSmad2. Concomitantly, BMP ligands activate...
Chromosome segregation depends on the spindle checkpoint, which delays anaphase until all chromosomes have bound microtubules and been placed under tension. The Mad1-Mad2 complex is an essential component of checkpoint. We studied consequences removing one copy MAD2 in diploid cells budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Compared to MAD2/MAD2 cells, MAD2/mad2Δ heterozygotes show increased chromosome loss different responses two insults that activate checkpoint: respond normally...
Summary Motile cells navigate complex environments by changing their direction of travel, generating left-right asymmetries in mechanical subsystems to physically turn. Currently little is known about how external directional cues are propagated along the length scale whole cell and integrated with its force-generating apparatus steer migration mechanically. We examine mechanics spontaneous turning fish epidermal keratocytes find that responsible for behavior predominate at rear cell, where...
SUMMARY Mitochondria are critical for neuronal function and must be reliably distributed through complex architectures. By quantifying in vivo mitochondrial transport localization patterns the dendrites of Drosophila visual system neurons, we show that mitochondria make up a dynamic at steady-state, with significant individual within stable global pattern. Mitochondrial motility unaffected by input, suggesting activity does not directly regulate . Instead, present mathematical model which...
Abstract In this study, we explore a simulation of mechanical model the keratocyte lamellipodium as previously tested and calibrated for straight steady-state motility [1] process polarization initiation [2]. brief, uses balance three essential forces (myosin contraction, adhesive drag actin network viscosity) to determine cell’s behavior. Cell shape is set by between polymerization-driven protrusion at cell boundary myosin-driven retraction actin-myosin network. model, myosin acts generate...