Plants form beneficial associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitate nutrient acquisition from the soil. In return, fungi receive organic carbon plants. The transcription factor RAM1 (REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 1) is crucial for this symbiosis, and we demonstrate that it required sufficient induction of a lipid biosynthetic pathway expressed in plant cells accommodating fungal arbuscules. Lipids are transferred to fatty acid auxotrophs, export requires...

Summary The ABI3 locus is a major regulator of embryo development in Arabidopsis and essential for the simultaneous activation maturation pathway, as well repression germination seedling development. We used two‐hybrid screen yeast order to identify proteins that interact with ABI3. Four ABI3‐interacting (AIPs) were identified which showed specific vivo vitro interactions C‐terminal region contains B2 B3 domains, previously shown have DNA binding activity. expression characteristics genes...

Abstract There has been considerable interest recently in the prospect of engineering crops to produce triacylglycerol (TAG) their vegetative tissues as a means achieve step change oil yield. Here, we show that disruption TAG hydrolysis Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lipase mutant sugar-dependent1 (sdp1) leads substantial accumulation roots and stems but comparatively much lower leaves. content sdp1 increases with age plant can reach more than 1% dry weight at maturity, 50-fold increase...

Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana seed maturation is accompanied by the deposition of storage oil, rich in essential ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid α-linolenic (ALA). The synthesis ALA highly responsive to level FATTY ACID DESATURASE3 (FAD3) expression, which strongly upregulated during embryogenesis. By screening mutants LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1)–inducible transcription factors using profiling, we identified two (lec1-like and bzip67) with a lipid phenotype. Both share substantial reduction...

Summary Increasing the productivity of oilseed crops is an important challenge for plant breeders and biotechnologists. To date, attempts to increase oil production in seeds via metabolic pathway engineering have focused on boosting synthetic capacity. However, tissues many organisms, it well established that levels are determined by both anabolism catabolism. Indeed, content rapeseed ( B rassica napus L .) has been reported decline approximately 10% final stage development, as desiccate....

Summary We have generated a novel genetic system to visualize cell lineages in living tissues at high resolution. Heat shock was used trigger the excision of specific transposon and activation fluorescent marker gene. A histone‐YFP allow identification easy counting cells. Constitutive expression green membrane protein provide precise outline all surrounding Marked can be induced from cells within organism by targeted laser irradiation, fate marked followed non‐invasively. map originating...

Targeted Induced Loci Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is increasingly being used to generate and identify mutations in target genes of crop genomes. TILLING populations several thousand lines have been generated a number species including Brassica rapa. Genetic analysis mutants identified by requires an efficient, high-throughput cost effective genotyping method track the through numerous generations. High resolution melt (HRM) has systems single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)...

Epigenetic marks superimposed on the DNA sequence of eukaryote chromosomes provide agility and plasticity in terms modulating gene expression, ontology, response to environment. Modulating methylation status cytosine can generate epialleles, which have been detected characterised at specific loci several plant systems, potential novel relatively stable phenotypes. There no systematic attempts explore utilise epiallelic variation, so extend range phenotypes available for selection crop...

Abstract Regulation of membrane lipid biosynthesis is critical for cell function. We previously reported that disruption PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 (PAH1) and PAH2 stimulates net phosphatidylcholine (PC) proliferation the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show this response caused specifically by a reduction catalytic activity protein positively correlates with an accumulation its substrate, phosphatidic acid (PA). The PC pah1 pah2 suppressed...

Interploidy crosses fail in many plant species due to abnormalities endosperm development. In the inbreeding Arabidopsis thaliana, both paternal and maternal excess interploidy usually result viable seed that exhibit parent-of-origin effects on development final size. Paternal extended proliferation of larger seeds, while conversely early cellularisation smaller seeds. Investigations into effect parental gene dosage have revealed MADS box transcription factors, particularly AGAMOUS-like...

Plants modify the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of their membrane and storage lipids in order to adapt changes temperature. In developing seeds, this response is largely controlled by activities microsomal ω-6 ω-3 desaturases, FAD2 FAD3. Although temperature regulation desaturation has been studied at molecular biochemical levels, genetic control trait poorly understood. Here, we have characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed variation ambient found that heat inhibits both...

Water scarcity and labor shortage pose significant challenges in rice farming. Direct-seeded (DSR) is an efficient method that conserves water, reduces costs, allows for full mechanization of cultivation. However, variable planting depth undulated field leading to deep/shallow sowing seeds during mechanical presents a major hurdle, as existing varieties lack tolerance deep sowing. To address this, mapping population comprising 150 F 4 lines, derived from MTU 1010 AUS295, was developed...

ABSTRACT Mutation of the COMATOSE locus in Arabidopsis results a marked reduction germination potential. Whilst morphology comatose (cts) embryos is not altered, physiological analysis reveals that mature cts seeds do respond to gibberellin. Prolonged chilling imbibed only partially restores potential, and after ripen. Genetic shows phenotype expressed embryo phenotypic differences between wild-type mutant plants were observed during other stages plant growth development. Therefore...

• Pharmacological agents were used to investigate the possible involvement of actin in signalling chains associated with abscisic acid (ABA)-induced ion release from guard cell vacuole, a process which is absolutely essential for stomatal closure. Effects on ABA-induced transient stimulation tonoplast efflux measured, using 86Rb isolated cells Commelina communis, together effects apertures. In response 10 µm ABA (triggered by Ca2+ influx rather than internal release), jasplakinolide...

Background and AimsLeafy vegetable Brassica crops are an important source of dietary calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg) represent potential targets for increasing leaf Ca Mg concentrations through agronomy or breeding. Although the internal distribution within leaves affects accumulation these elements, such data not available Brassica. The aim this study was to characterize in a determine effects altered exogenous supply on distribution.

Omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acids (ω-7s) are specifically enriched in the aleurone of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds. We found significant natural variation seed ω-7 content and used a Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross population to fine-map major quantitative trait loci region containing ACYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE1 (AAD1) AAD3. that AAD3 expression is localized where mutants show an approximately 50% reduction content. By contrast, AAD1 embryo small ω-9...

Long and very long chain fatty alcohols are produced from their corresponding acyl-CoAs through the activity of acyl reductases (FARs). Fatty important components cuticle that protects aerial plant organs, they metabolic intermediates in synthesis wax esters hull sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds. Genes encoding 4 different FARs (named HaFAR2, HaFAR3, HaFAR4 HaFAR5) were identified using BLAST, studies showed four genes expressed seed hulls. In this study, structure location FAR proteins...

Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38), an oil crop of world-wide importance, originated from interspecific hybridization B. rapa (AA, 20) and oleracea (CC, 18), has six FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) paralogues. Two located on the homeologous chromosomes A2 C2 arose a lineage distinct four A7 C6. A set three conserved blocks A, B C, which were found to be essential for FT activation by CONSTANS (CO) in Arabidopsis, was identified within upstream region its progenitor diploids. However, chromosome C2,...