Plants form beneficial associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitate nutrient acquisition from the soil. In return, fungi receive organic carbon plants. The transcription factor RAM1 (REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 1) is crucial for this symbiosis, and we demonstrate that it required sufficient induction of a lipid biosynthetic pathway expressed in plant cells accommodating fungal arbuscules. Lipids are transferred to fatty acid auxotrophs, export requires...

Abstract There has been considerable interest recently in the prospect of engineering crops to produce triacylglycerol (TAG) their vegetative tissues as a means achieve step change oil yield. Here, we show that disruption TAG hydrolysis Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lipase mutant sugar-dependent1 (sdp1) leads substantial accumulation roots and stems but comparatively much lower leaves. content sdp1 increases with age plant can reach more than 1% dry weight at maturity, 50-fold increase...

Abstract To assess the influence of environment on fruit metabolism, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Moneymaker’) plants were grown under contrasting conditions (optimal for commercial, water limited, or shaded production) and locations. Samples harvested at nine stages development, 36 enzyme activities central metabolism measured as well protein, starch, major metabolites, such hexoses, sucrose, organic acids, amino acids. The most remarkable result was high reproducibility throughout...

Abstract Gluconeogenesis is a fundamental metabolic process that allows organisms to make sugars from non-carbohydrate stores such as lipids and protein. In eukaryotes only one gluconeogenic route has been described organic acid intermediates this relies on the enzyme phospho enol pyruvate carboxykinase (PCK). Here we show two routes exist in Arabidopsis , second uses pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK). critical fuel transition seed seedling. pck1 ppdk mutants are compromised...

Abstract Increasing the yield of oilseed crops is an important objective for biotechnologists. A number individual genes involved in triacylglycerol metabolism have previously been reported to enhance oil content seeds when their expression altered. However, it has yet be established whether specific combinations these can used achieve additive effect and this leads enhanced yield. Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as experimental system, we show that seed-specific overexpression...

The regulation of carbon allocation between photosynthetic source leaves and sink tissues in response to stress is an important factor controlling plant yield. Ascorbate oxidase apoplastic enzyme, which controls the redox state ascorbate pool. RNA interference was used decrease activity tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Fruit yield increased these lines under three conditions where assimilate became limiting for wild-type plants: when fruit trusses were left unpruned, removed or water supply...

Plants modify the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of their membrane and storage lipids in order to adapt changes temperature. In developing seeds, this response is largely controlled by activities microsomal ω-6 ω-3 desaturases, FAD2 FAD3. Although temperature regulation desaturation has been studied at molecular biochemical levels, genetic control trait poorly understood. Here, we have characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed variation ambient found that heat inhibits both...

Significance Ketocarotenoids are high-value pigments used in the food and feed industry to confer color. Aquaculture is a good example, where addition of carotenoids essential for coloration trout or salmon flesh, thus product viability. In this study, complex engineering has been carried out produce renewable source ketocarotenoids use as additives. Production tomato fruit enabled testing “generally recognized safe” material with low-energy minimal bioprocessing aquaculture trials...

The mother plant plays an important dynamic role in the control of dormancy her progeny seed response to environmental signals. In order further understand mechanisms by which this takes place Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we conducted a forward genetic screen isolate mutants that fail enter variation temperature during set. We show that, for first these mutants, designated awake1, maternal allele is required entry into strongly dormant states and awake1 phenotypes shown previously be...

In plants, the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in protein degradation and is involved many steps of defence mechanisms, regardless types pathogen targeted. addition to its proteolytic activities, UPS ribonuclease (RNase) activity, previously detected 20S preparations from cauliflower sunflower (Helianthus annuus), has been shown specifically target plant viral RNAs vitro. this study, we show that recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana proteasomal α(5) subunit expressed...

Human milk fat has a distinctive stereoisomeric structure where palmitic acid is esterified to the middle (sn-2) position on glycerol backbone of triacylglycerol and unsaturated fatty acids outer (sn-1/3) positions. This configuration allows for more efficient nutrient absorption in infant gut. However, used most formulas originates from plants, which exclude sn-2 position. Oleaginous yeasts provide an alternative source lipids human nutrition. these also their triacylglycerol. Here we show that

Sinapine (sinapoylcholine) is an antinutritive phenolic compound that can account for up to 2% of seed weight in brassicaceous oilseed crops and reduces the suitability their protein-rich meal use as animal feed. biosynthesis draws on hydroxycinnamic acid precursors produced by phenylpropanoid pathway. The 4-vinyl derivatives several acids have industrial applications. For example, phenol (4-hydroxystyrene) a building block range synthetic polymers applied resins, inks, elastomers, coatings....

Achieving gain-of-function phenotypes without inserting foreign DNA is an important challenge for plant biotechnologists. Here, we show that a gene can be brought under the control of promoter from upstream by deleting intervening genomic sequence using dual-guide CRISPR/Cas9. We fuse nonessential photosynthesis-related to DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DGAT2) in lipase-deficient sugar-dependent 1 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana drive ectopic oil accumulation leaves. DGAT2 expression enhanced...

Seedling vigour is an important agronomic trait and gaining attention in Asian rice (Oryza sativa) as cultivation practices shift from transplanting to forms of direct seeding. To understand the genetic control seedling dry seeded (aerobic) conditions we measured multiple traits 684 accessions 3000 Rice Genomes (3K-RG) population both laboratory field at three planting depths. Our data show that phenotyping mesocotyl length a good predictor performance. By performing genome wide association...

Abstract Seeds exhibit wide variation in the fatty acid composition of their storage oil. However, genetic basis this is only partially understood. Here we have used a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population to study control chain length Arabidopsis thaliana seed We mapped four quantitative trait loci (QTL) for quantity major very long species 11-eicosenoic (20:1), using multiple QTL modelling. Surprisingly, main-effect does not coincide with FATTY ACID ELONGASE 1 and...

Summary Plants are sessile and therefore have developed an extraordinary capacity to adapt external signals. Here, the focus is on plasticity of plant cell respond new intracellular cues. Ketocarotenoids high‐value natural red pigments with potent antioxidant activity. In present study, system‐level analyses revealed that heterologous biosynthesis ketocarotenoids in tomato initiated a series cellular metabolic mechanisms cope formation metabolites non‐endogenous plant. The broad multilevel...

One of the major goals plant research is to improve crop yield, by for instance increasing seed oil or protein content. Besides this, extensive done change fatty acid (FA) composition in order make vegetable oils more suitable specific purposes. To determine effect genetic changes on FA composition, oil, and sugar content it’s important use standardised protocols compare results between different groups. Here we describe methods analysis content., 植物研究的主要目标之一是通过例如增加种子油或蛋白质含量来改善作物产量。...

SUMMARY Plants are sessile and therefore have developed an extraordinary capacity to adapt external signals. Here, the focus is on plasticity of plant cell respond new intracellular cues. Ketocarotenoids high-value natural red pigments with potent antioxidant activity. In present study, system level analyses revealed that heterologous biosynthesis ketocarotenoids in tomato initiated a series cellular metabolic mechanisms cope formation metabolites non-endogenous plant. The broad multilevel...