A5085653655- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Simulation Techniques and Applications
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Entomological Studies and Ecology
- Color Science and Applications
- Insect Utilization and Effects
- Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Agroscope
2022-2024
University of Calgary
2017-2022
University of Bern
2020-2021
University of Sheffield
2015-2017
University of Fribourg
2010-2016
University of Wyoming
2014-2015
Ecologie & Evolution
2013
University of Lausanne
2011
Non-recombining sex chromosomes are expected to undergo evolutionary decay, ending up genetically degenerated, as has happened in birds and mammals. Why then so often homomorphic cold-blooded vertebrates? One possible explanation is a high rate of turnover events, replacing master sex-determining genes by new ones on other chromosomes. An alternative that X-Y similarity maintained occasional recombination occurring sex-reversed XY females. Based mitochondrial nuclear gene sequences, we...
Abstract Recent advances in population genomics have triggered great interest the genomic landscape of divergence taxa with ‘porous’ species boundaries. One important obstable previous studies this topic was low coverage achieved. This issue can now be overcome by use ‘next generation’ or short‐read DNA ‐sequencing approaches capable assaying many thousands single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP s) divergent species. We scanned genomes P opulus alba and tremula , two ecologically hybridizing...
Genetic incompatibilities are an important component of reproductive isolation. Although theoretical studies have addressed their evolution, little is known about maintenance when challenged by potentially high migration rates in secondary contact. theory predicts that recombination can erode barriers, many empirical systems been found to retain species‐specific differences despite substantial gene flow. By simulating whole genomes individuals hybridizing species, we find the genetic...
Abstract How polymorphisms are maintained within populations over long periods of time remains debated, because genetic drift and various forms selection expected to reduce variation. Here, we study the architecture maintenance phenotypic morphs that confer crypsis in Timema cristinae stick insects, combining information genotyping‐by‐sequencing data from 1,360 samples across 21 populations. We find two highly divergent chromosomal variants span megabases sequence associated with colour...
Abstract Non‐random mating among individuals can lead to spatial clustering of genetically similar and population stratification. This deviation from panmixia is commonly observed in natural populations. Consequently, have parentage single populations or involving hybridization between differentiated Accounting for this mixture structure important when mapping the genetics traits learning about formative evolutionary processes that shape genetic variation Stratified relatedness quantified...
Abstract In the context of potential interspecific gene flow, integrity species will be maintained by reproductive barriers that reduce genetic exchange, including traits associated with prezygotic isolation or poor performance hybrids. Hybrid zones can used to study importance different barriers, particularly when both parental and hybrids occur in close spatial proximity. We investigated flow act early vs. late life cycle European Populus quantifying prevalence homospecific hybrid matings...
How stick insects got their colors Stick of the genus Timema show variations in color that are likely due to selection for camouflage on plant hosts. Some species only brown or green, whereas others span from reddish-pink hues green brown. To identify genetics underlying this variation, Villoutreix et al. sequenced most extant California and identified a deletion correlated with body coloration some species. However, appeared be limited Northern clade, more Southern clade retaining locus. In...
Abstract The maintenance of species barriers in the face gene flow is often thought to result from strong selection against intermediate genotypes, thereby preserving genetic differentiation. Most speciation genomic studies thus aim identify exceptionally divergent loci between populations, but divergence will be affected by many processes other than reproductive isolation ( RI ) and speciation. Through recombinant hybrids sampled wild, variation associated with can observed situ , because...
Abstract Although cattle are the mammalian species with most global biomass associated a huge impact on our planet, their immune system remains poorly understood. Notably, bovine has peculiarities such as an overrepresentation of γδ T cells that requires particular attention, specifically in infectious context. In line 3R principles, we developed ex vivo platform to dissect host–pathogen interactions. The experimental design was based two independent complementary readouts: firstly, novel...
Hybrid zones have been viewed as an opportunity to see speciation in action. When hybrid are replicated, it is assumed that if the same genetic incompatibilities maintaining reproductive isolation across all instances of secondary contact, those should be identifiable by consistent patterns genome. In contrast, changes allele frequencies due drift idiosyncratic for each zone. To test this assumption, we simulated 20 replicates 12 zone scenarios with varied incompatibilities, rates migration,...
Abstract Theory predicts that local adaptation should favor the evolution of a concentrated genetic architecture, where alleles driving adaptive divergence are tightly clustered on chromosomes. Adaptation to marine versus freshwater environments in threespine stickleback has resulted an architecture seems consistent with this prediction: among populations is mainly driven by few genomic regions harboring multiple quantitative trait loci for environmentally adapted traits, as well candidate...
Abstract Hybrid zones have been viewed as an opportunity to see speciation in action. When hybrid are replicated, it is assumed that if the same genetic incompatibilities maintaining reproductive isolation across all instances of secondary contact, those should be identifiable by consistent patterns genome. In contrast, changes allele frequencies due drift idiosyncratic for each zone. To test this assumption, we simulated 20 replicates 12 zone scenarios with varied incompatibilities, rates...
Abstract In about 90% of multiple pregnancies in cattle, shared blood circulation between fetuses leads to genetic chimerism peripheral and can reduce reproductive performance heterosexual co‐twins. However, the early detection chimeras requires specialized tests. Here, we used low‐pass sequencing data with a median coverage 0.64× generated from samples 322 F1 crosses beef dairy cattle identified 20 putative through increased levels genome‐wide heterozygosity. contrast, for 77 routine SNP...
Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) is reported to be more resistant towards harmful environmental factors than taurine taurus). A few hundred zebu are kept in Switzerland and contrast the Swiss indigenous breeds, infectious hoof disease not observed. Therefore, we compared prevalence of three ruminant pathogens cattle. These included Treponema spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum Dichelobacter nodosus which associated with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), different diseases ovine footrot, respectively....
Asexual reproduction is a common and fundamental mode of in plants. Although persistence adverse conditions underlies most known cases clonal dominance, proximal genetic drivers remain unclear, particular for populations dominated by few large clones. In this study, we studied population the riparian tree Populus alba Douro river basin (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) where it hybridizes with tremula, species that grows highly contrasted ecological conditions. We used 73 nuclear...
In their review on the genomic landscape of speciation, Ravinet et al. (in press) highlight difficulties when attempting to draw inferences about speciation based heterogeneous patterns genome differentiation. These problems arise because various factors that are either causally unlinked or only spuriously associated with can induce heterogeneity and thus complicate interpretation scans. light these difficulties, it is important not restrict research scans but view them as an additional tool...
Non-random mating among individuals can lead to spatial clustering of genetically similar and population stratification. This deviation from panmixia is commonly observed in natural populations. Consequently, have parentage single populations or involving hybridization between differentiated Accounting for this mixture structure important when mapping the genetics traits learning about formative evolutionary processes that shape genetic variation Stratified relatedness quantified using...
Crossbreeding beef bulls with dairy cows can improve the economic value and fitness of calves not entering production owing to increased meat yield heterosis. However, outcrossing might reduce dosage alleles that confer local adaptation or result in a higher risk dystocia due calf size. Given clear phenotypic differences between breeds, varying phylogenetic distances genomic variations within attainable gains will strongly depend on selection sires for crossing. Thus, aim this study was...
Abstract Comparing genome scans among species is a powerful approach for investigating the patterns left by evolutionary processes. In particular, this offers way to detect candidate genes that drive convergent evolution. We compared scan results investigate if of genetic diversity and divergence are shared divergent within stickleback order (Gasterosteiformes): threespine ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ), ninespine Pungitius pungitus tubesnout Aulorhynchus flavidus ). Populations were sampled...
Abstract Non-random mating among individuals can lead to spatial clustering of genetically similar and population stratification. This deviation from panmixia is commonly observed in natural populations. Consequently, have parentage single populations or involving hybridization between differentiated Accounting for this mixture structure important when mapping the genetics traits learning about formative evolutionary processes that shape genetic variation Stratified relatedness quantified...