Natural killer (NK) cell tolerance mechanisms are incompletely understood. One possibility is that they possess self-specific activation receptors result in hyporesponsiveness unless modulated by self-major histocompatability complex (MHC)-specific inhibitory receptors. As putative have not been well characterized, we studied a transgenic C57BL/6 mouse ubiquitously expresses m157 (m157-Tg), which the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded ligand for Ly49H NK receptor. The mice were more...

NK cell activation has been shown to be metabolically regulated in vitro; however, the role of metabolism during vivo responses infection is unknown. We examined glycolysis function murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and ability IL-15 prime cells CMV infection. The glucose inhibitor 2-deoxy-ᴅ-glucose (2DG) impaired both mouse human cytotoxicity following priming vitro. Similarly, MCMV-infected mice treated with 2DG had clearance NK-specific targets vivo, which was associated higher viral burden...

Erythropoietin (Epo)-responsive anemia is a common and debilitating complication of chronic renal failure human immunodeficiency virus infection. Current therapy for this condition involves repeated intravenous or subcutaneous injections recombinant Epo. In report, we describe the development novel muscle-based gene transfer approach that produces long-term expression physiologically significant levels Epo in systemic circulation mice. We have constructed plasmid vector, pVRmEpo, contains...

A number of inherited and acquired serum protein deficiencies including hemophilias B, diabetes mellitus, the erythropoietin-responsive anemias are currently treated with repeated subcutaneous or intravenous infusions purified recombinant proteins. The development an in vivo gene-transfer approach to deliver physiologic levels proteins systemic circulation would represent a significant advance treatment these disorders. Here we describe construction replication-defective adenovirus...

Erythropoietin (Epo)-responsive anemia is a debilitating complication of chronic renal failure and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that effects more than 150,000 Americans. Patients with Epo-responsive anemias are currently treated repeated injections recombinant Epo. In the studies described in this report, we have examined safety efficacy using single intramuscular (i.m.) injection replication-defective adenoviral vectors (RDAd) encoding Epo for treatment both mice non-human...

The sepsis-induced cytokine storm leads to severe lymphopenia and reduced effector capacity of remaining/surviving cells. This results in a prolonged state immunoparalysis, that contributes enhanced morbidity/mortality sepsis survivors upon secondary infection. impact on several lymphoid subsets has been characterized, yet its NK-cells remains underappreciated-despite their critical role controlling infection(s). Here, we observed numerical loss multiple tissues after...

Because NK cells secrete cytotoxic granules and cytokines that can destroy surrounding help shape the subsequent immune response, they must be kept under tight control. Several mechanisms, at different levels, are in place to control cell function. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism regulating function which acquire ligands for activating receptors from target by trogocytosis, rendering hyporesponsive. model, murine m157, CMV-encoded ligand Ly49H-activating receptor, both vitro...

Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) catalyses the addition of a farnesyl group to cysteine within so-called ‘CAAX box’ at C-terminus various proteins. In present paper we report purification Saccharomyces cerevisiae FTase near-homogeneity. This was accomplished by constructing yeast strain overproducing approx. 100-fold. The purified enzyme heterodimer 90 kDa and consisted 43 34 subunits. subunit shown be product DPR1 gene using antibody raised against baculovirus-produced polypeptide....

A murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded protein, m157, has a putative major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) structure and is recognized by the Ly49H NK cell activation receptor. Using monoclonal antibody against in this study we directly demonstrated that m157 surface-expressed glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein with early viral gene kinetics. Beta-2 microglobulin TAP1 (transporter associated antigen processing 1) were not required for its expression. MCMV-encoded proteins...

Abstract NK cell responses are determined by signals received through activating and inhibitory surface receptors. Ly49H is an cell-specific receptor that accounts for the genetic resistance to murine CMV (MCMV). The has been shown interact with two adaptor proteins (DAP12 DAP10). In context of MCMV infection, interaction m157 (the MCMV-encoded ligand Ly49H) results in activation Ly49H-expressing cells. Chronic exposure m157, however, induces tolerance these same mechanism this remains...

Background: Menstruation is a major and frequently incapacitating health problem that affects women all over the world. Tribal communities often possess unique cultural, socioeconomic, healthcare disparities, which can affect experience of dysmenorrhea in these populations. This paper presents an exploration dysmenorrhea's prevalence, impact, management among tribal Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted with total 341 participants age range between 15 to 49. semi-structured...

Continuous engagement of the Ly49H activating receptor with its ligand (m157) in a transgenic mouse expressing m157 (m157‐Tg) results hyporesponsiveness L y49H + NK cells. The same interaction, during murine cytomegalovirus ( MCMV ) infection, leads to activation infection decreased MHC class I ‐I) expression on infected cell as well inflammatory responses, both which do not take place uninfected m157‐Tg mouse, potentially allowing for cells context infection. In this study, we demonstrated...

Abstract NK cells are important mediators of viral control with the capacity to form adaptive immune features following infection. However, studies infection-induced require adoptive cell transfer lower precursor frequency “Ag-specific” cells, potentially limiting diversity response. In seeking an unmanipulated model probe we interrogated a wide range Collaborative Cross (CC) inbred mice, mouse strains that exhibit broad genetic across strains. Our assessment identified and validated...

Introduction Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate immune response to viruses and tumors, comprise large proportion of hepatic lymphocyte population. They must remain tolerant non-pathogenic antigens while protecting host from harmful agents. Herein, we investigate how NK cell activation receptor engagement is altered liver. Methods In this study, assess IFN-γ production degranulation splenic selected subsets liver cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used asses following...

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the innate immune response. The summation of activation and inhibitory signals delivered through cell surface membrane receptors determines NK function. However, continuous engagement activating receptor on appears to render hyporesponsive stimulation other unrelated receptors. mechanism by which this takes place remains unclear. Herein we demonstrate that vivo Ly49H with its ligand, m157, results Ly49H+ are further ITAM-dependent...

Background: Accredited social health activist (ASHA) forms the backbone of National Health Mission (NHM) as they are important link between community and system, her services become very crucial for success NHM. They occupied by multiples roles, responsibilities expected to perform at optimum level. Aim was assess knowledge practice ASHA workers regarding their work explore barriers challenges faced them while performing multiple roles. Methods: An explanatory mixed-methods study conducted...

Z-source inverter provides the voltage boosting capability to conventional source inverters. The impedance network at input side allows shoot-through mode of operation switches in inverter. This paper discusses development and implementation a with closed loop controller. controller design has been done based on state space model Open simulation is carried out MATLAB/Simulink platform. Performance designed for step change load, reference AC DC voltage. developed control algorithm implemented...

Background: Every woman deserves respectful maternity care, throughout her journey to motherhood. However, disrespectful care is prevalent in various settings. It has an effect on the utilization of services. can be more explored from witness maternity. The aim this study was explore experience accredited social health activists Odisha, India. Methods: A qualitative exploratory conducted among 24 ASHAs with than two years gain a deeper understanding phenomenon. This three distinct Odisha...

Abstract NK cells are important mediators of viral control with the capacity to form adaptive immune features following infection. However, studies infection-induced require adoptive cell transfer lower precursor frequency ‘antigen-specific’ cells, potentially limiting diversity response. In seeking an unmanipulated model probe we interrogated a wide range Collaborative Cross (CC) inbred mice, mouse strains which exhibit broad genetic across strains. Our assessment identified and validated...

This randomized controlled trial and prospective study “Comparison between intermittent & daily therapy for treating pulmonary tuberculosis in children with special reference to efficacy outcome“ was conducted S.C.B. Medical College Hospital S.V.P. P.G.I.P., Cuttack under the supervision of R.N.T.C.P. Centre college, Cuttack. All suspected cases, after screening, were diagnosed have Pulmonary Tuberculosis according WHO recommendation then divided into two groups randomly comprising 45...