The magnetization reversal induced by spin orbit torques in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) perpendicularly magnetized Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures were investigated using a combination Anomalous Hall effect measurement and Kerr microscopy techniques. By analyzing in-plane field dependent torque efficiency measurements, an effective value for DMI ~300 Oe was obtained, which plays key role to stabilize Néel walls film stack. imaging reveals that current-induced under small...

We investigated the impact on spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency by varying thickness of Cr and Tb layers in Pt/Co/Tb/Cr system. The harmonic Hall voltage measurement shows that insert layer effectively enhances damping-like (DL) efficiency, which is ascribed to conversion orbital current spin layer. Additionally, fitting dependence measured DL with an diffusion model, we obtained length 5.3 ± 0.3 nm effective angle −0.18 0.01. Furthermore, current-induced magnetization switching suggested...

High efficiency and out-of-plane spin–orbit torque (OOP-SOT) driven magnetization switching is essential for developing spin-based memory logic devices. In this study, we report the generation of a large charge-to-spin conversion bidirectional OOP-SOT by engineering vertical gradient within Co/Ho multilayer system. Exploiting antiferromagnetic coupling between Co Ho, up to 16.8 (emu/cm−3)/nm was achieved gradually varying Ho layer thickness from 0.4 0.9 nm. The presence confirmed through...

An intrinsic thermoelectric coupling effect in the linear response regime of magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJ) is reported. In dc response, it leads to a nonlinear correction Ohm's law. Dynamically, enables novel Seebeck rectification and second harmonic generation, which apply for broad frequency range can be magnetically controlled. A phenomenological model on footing Onsager reciprocal relation principle energy conservation explains very well experimental results obtained from both...

We report on the marked change in magnetic anisotropy and magnetization reversal Co50Fe50/[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)]1−x–[PbTiO3]x (PMN–PT) Co43Ni57/PMN–PT heterostructures under an electric field. For Co50Fe50/PMN–PT structure, electric-field-induced field can be as large 1.2 kOe at 12 kV/cm, corresponding to a magnetoelectric coefficient of 100 Oe cm/kV. In heterostructure, has sign opposite that Co50Fe50/PMN–PT. As result, [CoNi/Cu/CoFe/Cu]n/PMN–PT parallel moment between two layers initial state...

In this article, the temperature-dependent complex Hall effect near magnetization compensation temperature of CoGd alloy films is systematically studied. We find anomalies loops with characteristics similar to topological (THE), which usually considered indicate occurrence spin texture. However, THE ruled out by detailed magnetic and transport measurements on different composition ratios. After considering influence spin-flop inhomogeneity components naturally formed in ferrimagnetic alloy,...

The structural and magnetic phase transition in FeRh thin films are investigated. (001) oriented single crystal fabricated onto MgO (100) substrate possess lattice parameter a smaller than c, because of the compressive stress along axis from substrate. With increasing annealing temperature, paramagnetic transform into ferromagnetic then antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AF-FM) stages. temperature AF-FM increases with while thermal hysteresis width decreases. M-H loops film annealed at 700°C...

Slonczewski-like torque and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) are important factors in current-induced magnetization switching domain-wall motion seen ferromagnetic metal (FM)/heavy (HM) structures. We demonstrate tuning of both by inserting a thin Pt layer between Ta CoFeB Ta/CoFeB/MgO The results suggest that DMI decreases with increasing thickness (tPt) range 0–1 nm. In consequence, critical current density from induced spin-orbit (SOT) increases whereas required in-plane field...

Exploring multiple states based on the domain wall (DW) position has garnered increased attention for in-memory computing applications, particularly focusing utilization of spin–orbit torque (SOT) to drive DW motion. However, devices relying require efficient pinning. Here, we achieve granular magnetization switching by incorporating an HfOx insertion layer between Co/Ti interface. This corresponds a transition in model from motion nucleation. Compared conventional Pt/Co/Ti structure,...

We observe frequency multiplying behavior in a magnetoelectric (ME) unimorph: such frequency-multiplied signal is generated when the input (fin) of an alternating current magnetic field (Hac) around 1/n (n denotes integer) mechanical resonance (fr) device. both odd and even harmonic signals direct (Hdc) applied, whereas only arise for Hdc = 0. This results from combined effect nonlinear character Metglas magnetostriction phenomenon unimorph.

Films with a structure of Ta (5 nm)/Co20Fe60B20 (0.8–1.5 nm)/MgO (1 nm)/Ta nm) were deposited on Corning glass substrates by magnetron sputtering. The as-deposited films CoFeB layer thickness from 0.8 to 1.3 nm show perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). After annealing at proper temperature, the PMA can be enhanced remarkably. A maximum effective field up 9 kOe was obtained for 1.0- and 1.1-nm-thick layers annealed an optimum temperature 300 °C. 4-kOe applied during study its effect...

Magnetic hyperthermia with the treating temperature range of 41-46 °C is an alternative therapy for cancer treatment. In this article, lanthanum strontium manganates (La1-x Sr x MnO3, 0.25 ≤ × 0.35) magnetic nanoparticles coated by hyaluronic acid (HA) which possesses ability targeting tumor cells were prepared a simple hydrothermal method combined high-energy ball milling technique. The crystal structure, morphology, properties HA-coated (MNPs), and their heating under alternating field...

Although transition metal (TM)-rare earth (RE) alloy film has potential application as an information storage medium in spintronic devices, study of the physical mechanism and microscopic process for current-induced magnetization switching by spin–orbit torque (SOT) TM-RE is still inadequate. In this work, we investigated SOT effect its driven Pt/Co–Tb/Ta structures with various Co–Tb compositions. The results show that effective fields follow 1/Ms law near compensation composition...

Through pumping a spin current from ferromagnet into heavy metal (HM) via magnetization precession, parts of the injected spins are in-plane rotated by lattice vibration, namely acoustic rotation (ASR), which manifests itself as an inverse Hall voltage in HM with additional 90° difference angular dependency. When reversing stacking order bilayer counter-propagating or using HMs opposite angle, such ASR shows same sign, strongly suggesting that changes direction due to interface spin-orbit...

Spin–orbit torque provides an efficient strategy for electric manipulation of magnetization. However, Joule heat accompanying with electron motion in the electron-mediated spin current result unavoidable power dissipation. Moreover, diffusion length is relatively short, preventing transmission information over long distances. Magnon-mediated current, without moving electrons, can be excellent alternative to conventional current. transfer effect has been reported several previous works. Here,...

Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) provides an efficient strategy for electrical manipulation of magnetism in spintronic devices. However, despite more than one decade research current-induced optimization, the charge-to-spin conversion efficiency and resistivity spin-current source materials do not satisfy requirement next-generation low-consumption Authors recent theoretical works have predicted that oxide or nitride interface can induce orbital angular momentum (OAM) accumulation...

The spin torque effects discovered in spintronics have a broad prospect for applications information memory and logic devices, wherein deterministic switching is highly desired. Variations between devices originating from the fabrication process inherently random physical features are detrimental to devices; however, they potential entropy sources hardware security primitives. Here, we demonstrate two types of spin–orbit (SOT)-based reconfigurable physically unclonable functions (rPUFs) that...

Current-induced spin–orbit torque (SOT) allows for highly efficient control of magnetization the magnetic memory and logic application, but its high critical current density Jc limits applications. Here, we report that surface acoustic wave (SAW) presents a promising approach reducing in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures with perpendicular anisotropy. By second harmonic Hall measurements, find damping-like SOT effective field is almost same or without SAW, implying reduction does not originate from...

The stabilization of skyrmion bubbles in [Ta(tTa)/CoFeB(1.1 nm)/MgO(1.0 nm)]15/Ta(2.0 nm) magnetic multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy is investigated. size the can be controlled by tuning Ta interlayer thickness. Because constant large samples a thin interlayer, we observe nanoscale our system. This finding provides means to control without using an external field. Moreover, found that created tip and subsequently deleted. Our novel findings provide insight into skyrmion-based...

The magnetic and structural properties of FexRh100−x (x=35–80) nanoparticles fabricated by a solution phase chemical method have been studied systematically. From x-ray diffraction results, as-deposited FeRh reveal chemically disordered fcc structure which can be transformed into CsCl-type through thermal annealing. high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that the average size 3–5nm in state larger (10–15nm) particles are also distributed annealed sate....

We demonstrate the detection of Brownian relaxation frequency 250 nm diameter magnetic beads using a lab-on-chip platform based on current lines for exciting with alternating fields and highly sensitive tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors superparamagnetic free layer. The first harmonic out-of-phase component MTJ response gives imaginary part bead susceptibility, which peaks at frequency. This work paves way to on-chip implementation magnetorelaxometry in innovative “lab-on-a-bead” assays...

Spin-orbit torque (SOT)-induced magnetization switching under small in-plane magnetic fields in as-deposited and annealed Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures is studied. For the samples, partial SOT-induced behavior observed an field of less than 100 Oe. Conversely, for 10 Oe large enough to achieve full deterministic switching. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at Ta/CoFeB interface believed be main reason discrepancy requisite samples. In addition, asymmetric dependence Deterministic absence...

The exact measurement of spin-orbit torque (SOT) in magnetic heterostructures is the basis for a solid understanding its physical mechanism. Although different SOT terms can be properly separated from harmonic Hall voltage analysis, owing to symmetries and magnetic-field dependences, this method may invalid ferromagnetic layer with small coefficient. Here, we develop determine longitudinal measurements. Starting standard total-energy expression system, equations compute corresponding...