Metformin has been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis. It shown that subclinical inflammatory responses play important roles in pathogenesis diabetes. In present study, we determined effects metformin on levels pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1) anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 blood urine patients with There were 210 diabetes, which randomized into (n = 112) non-metformin (gliclazide, acarbose, repaglinide, n 98) groups....

Podocalyxin (PCX) is a signature molecule of the glomerular podocyte and maintaining integrity filtration function glomerulus. The aim this study was to observe effect different doses metformin on renal tissue PCX expression in type 2 diabetic rats clarify its protection podocytes. Type Sprague-Dawley (SD) which diabetes induced by high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) were treated with (150, 300, 500 mg/kg per day, resp.) for 8 weeks. Various biochemical parameters, kidney histopathology,...

Early screening and accurate staging of diabetic retinopathy (DR) can reduce blindness risk in type 2 diabetes patients. DR's complex pathogenesis involves many factors, making ophthalmologist alone insufficient for prevention treatment. Often, endocrinologists are the first to see patients thus should screen early intervention.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients investigate intervention effect vitamin D. 145 subjects were assigned a control group (Group NC), T2DM DM1), complicated with LEAD DM2); then Group DM2 randomly divided into DM3 who received oral hypoglycemic agents DM4 drugs D3 therapy. Compared NC, 25(OH)D significantly marginally DM1. In...

Oleuropein, the most prevalent polyphenol in olives, exerts many positive impacts on human health, including counteracting cancer. However, effect of oleuropein diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression remains elusive.A total three groups mice were used our study. Two db/db fed with or without oleuropein. A group wide-type normal diet was as control. After ten weeks treatment, body weight, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines levels, and kidney injury status...

We investigated the correlation between obestatin and metabolic parameters carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). collected 103 aged from 60 to 83 years (69.26 ± 5.83 years) form January, 2007 May, 2009. All were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired (IGT), T2DM according oral test (OGTT). found that higher levels fasting insulin (Fins), blood glucose, h OGTT homeostasis model assessment resistance (HOMA-IR), low...

Cathepsin S (CatS), a proteolytic enzyme, which belongs to the cysteine proteinase family, is associated with atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cancer and other diseases. The present study aimed explore correlation between serum CatS insulin resistance (IR) in patients type 2 diabetes. A total of 51 diabetes (Group DM) were recruited for this 49 healthy individuals selected as normal controls NC). Blood pressure body mass index (BMI) recorded, creatinine, CatS, glycosylated hemoglobin...

Type 2 diabetes is often associated with arterial atherosclerosis in large blood vessels. We set out to elucidate whether commonly used antidiabetic drugs metformin, sitagliptin, and pioglitazone will reduce T2DM patients. enrolled 176 individuals type diabetes, which were divided into four treatment groups according different oral drugs: metformin alone, sitagliptin or combination of sitagliptin. assessed changes glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, cytokine released, carotid artery...

The aim of the current study was to investigate effects and mechanism metformin in oxidative stress p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) expression rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) cultured a high glucose medium. Rat MCs (HBZY‑1) were complete medium divided into following five groups: Normal control (NC), (HG), metformin‑treated, SB203580‑treated (SB) N‑acetylcysteine‑treated (NAC). production intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measured using flow cytometry....

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (7): 571–574 Abstract Background Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exert a number of direct reno‐protection beyond its hypoglycaemic effect in type 2 diabetics, which may be partly related to anti‐fibrosis and anti‐ inflammatory action. Materials methods A total 98 diabetics with fasting blood glucose (FBG) between 7·0 13·0 mmol L −1 glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7·0% were randomly assigned add pioglitazone (group DP) or sulfonylurea DS) for 12 weeks. FBG, HbA1c,...

Objective: We sought to test the effect of different dosages pioglitazone (PIO) on glomerular expression podocalyxin and urinary sediment excretion explore potential renoprotective mechanism. Materials methods: Type 1 diabetes induced with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated be treated vehicle or 10, 20, 30 mg/kg/d PIO respectively for 8 weeks. Eight enrolled normal control group. Results: At 8th week, sacrificed observation kidney injury through...

To observe the effects of hydrochloride pioglitazone on urinary cytokine excretion in type 2 diabetes and to explore its possible reno-protective mechanisms.Subjects Methods. Ninety-eight patients with a fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels between 7.0 13.0 mm glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% were assigned randomly receive either (DP group) or sulphonylurea (DS group). Another 49 healthy individuals chosen as normal controls (group NC). At start study after 12 weeks treatment, cytokines...

With the rapidly rising incidence of diabetes, one its complications, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is becoming most common causes end-stage renal disease in many countries. Reliable animal models DN are a valuable tool for identifying molecular mechanisms responsible this and preclinical development new therapeutic strategies. Various types have been used past; induced methods characteristics these commonly were summarized review. serious complications type 2 which now major There an urgent...

Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects pioglitazone on oxidative stress and expressions p22(phox) p47(phox), subunits NADPH oxidase, in mesangial cells (MCs). Method. Rat were cultured randomly divided into normal glucose (NG) group, high (HG) group. After 48 h exposure, supernatants collected. p47(phox) MCs detected by RT-PCR western blot. levels intracellular ROS determined flow cytometry. Coloimetry method used detect malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations superoxide...

Introduction：To observe the effects of metformin on urinary excretion MIF, CD74 and podocalyxin in type 2 diabetics to explore its possible renoprotective mechanisms.202 uncontrolled diabetics, who were previously prescribed sulfonylurea monotherapy(n=100) or combination with (n=102) enrolled study. The amount macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) serum, MIF creatine ratio(UMCR), ratio(UCCR), albumin ratio(UACR) ratio (UPCR) determined.Metabolic parameters including fasting blood...

AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) administered three times daily (TID) vs. twice (BID), plus metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on basal ± 1 oral antidiabetic drug (OAD).MethodsRandomised, multinational, open-label, treat-to-target trial. Subjects (HbA1c 7.5–10.0%) metformin OAD were randomised to BIAsp TID (n = 220) or BID 217). Primary endpoint was change from baseline HbA1c after 24 weeks...

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of compounds that have been implicated in diabetes related complifications. Skin autofluorescence was recently introduced as an alternative tool for skin AGEs accumulation assessment diabetes. Successful optical diagnosis requires rapid accurate classification algorithm. In order to improve the performance noninvasive type 2 diabetes, support vector machines (SVM) algorithm implemented from diabetics control...