A5079954124- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
- Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Phytochemical compounds biological activities
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Synthesis and bioactivity of alkaloids
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
- Travel-related health issues
- Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Ocular Infections and Treatments
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2009-2020
University of London
1998-2016
University of Liverpool
2006
Romark (United States)
2006
Birkbeck, University of London
2004-2005
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2005
King's College Hospital
2004
University of Bradford
2000-2003
University of California, San Francisco
2002
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2002
A modified fixed-ratio isobologram method for studying the in vitro interactions between antiplasmodial drugs is described. This was used to examine atovaquone, proguanil, and dihydroartemisinin. The interaction atovaquone proguanil synergistic against atovaquone-sensitive strains K1 T996; however, there a loss of synergy atovaquone-resistant strain NGATV01 isolated after Malarone (the combination proguanil) treatment failure. While dihydroartemisinin indifferent isolate NGATV01, displayed...
We report the first in vitro and genetic confirmation of Malarone (GlaxoSmithKline; atovaquone proguanil hydrochloride) resistance Plasmodium falciparum acquired Africa. On presenting with malaria two weeks after returning from a 4-week visit to Lagos, Nigeria without prophylaxis, male patient was given standard 3-day treatment course Malarone. Twenty-eight days later parasitaemia recrudesced. Parasites were cultured blood isolate (NGATV01) shown be resistant antifolate pyrimethamine. The...
CM 6606 differs in its mode of action from chloroquine but studies on activity against parasites resistant to other antimalarials suggest that it may have some features common with aminoalcohols. Similarities drug-induced pigment changes are especially striking. Only halofantrine shows a reduced activity, however, highly 6606, while such slightly hypersensitive sulfadoxine and clindamycin. Evidence suggesting function through an active metabolite, possibly 6609 which the N-oxide is reduced,...
A microdilution technique for the assessment of in vitro activity against Entamoeba histolytica was devised and validated with metronidazole. The test used to detect antiamoebic activities plant extracts prepared from traditional remedies Brucea javanica fruits Simarouba amara stems. associated quassinoid-containing fractions. 50% inhibitory concentrations some quassinoids amoebae were determined by using method. These ranged 0.019 micrograms.ml-1 bruceantin, most active quassinoid, greater...
The majority of the keratitis-causing Acanthamoeba isolates are genotype T4. In an attempt to determine whether predominance T4 in keratitis is due greater virulence or prevalence this genotype, genotypes were determined for 13 and 12 environmental from Iran. Among clinical isolates, eight (61.5 %) belonged T4, two (15.3 T3 three (23 T2 genotype. contrast, tested present study (7/12, 58.3 %), followed by 4/12 (33.3 %). addition, six new UK cases determined. Of these, five (83.3 one was (16.6...
The first medical cure of a corneal infection due to an Acanthamoeba species is reported. 44-year-old patient developed suppurative keratitis associated with epithelial defect, hypopyon, and secondary glaucoma. was confirmed as the causative agent four months after presentation when positive cultures were obtained from cornea conjunctiva. Sensitivity studies isolated organism performed, successfully controlled by treatment combination dibromopropamidine propamidine isethionate ointment drops...
Summary In preliminary studies in a hospital Manchester which tissue culture was used for cultivation, Hartmannella castellanii isolated from the air on two occasions and surface samples one. Water agar plates with lawn of Klebsiella aerogenes were exposed slit sampler, or as settle plates, outside laboratory London following amoebae isolated: 12 strains H. castellanii, 7 leptocnemusjagricola, 5 glebae, 1 agricola, 3 Naegleria sp. Schizopyrenus outdoor an average one amoebic cyst any species...
Meningoencephalitis proved to be due an amoeba (Naegleria) has been diagnosed in Great Britain for the first time. The patient (a boy of 2) survived longer than any previously recorded cases, but spite early diagnosis and treatment he died 15 days after onset meningeal symptoms. Two other children who were exposed same possible source infection warm, muddy puddle) had similar symptoms developed mild meningitis. A naegleria was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid one them. Both recovered with...
The declining efficacy of chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine in the treatment human malaria has led to use newer antimalarials such as mefloquine artemisinin. Sequence polymorphisms pfmdr1 gene, gene encoding plasmodial homologue mammalian multidrug resistance transporters, have previously been linked some, but not all, studies. In this study, we used a genetic cross between strains HB3 3D7 study inheritance sensitivity structurally unrelated drugs artemisinin, several other...
Abstract Crude extracts of three species the Meliaceae family used traditionally as febrifuges ( Azadirachta indica, Cedrela odorata, Guarea multiflora ), together with 27 limonoids extracted from meliaceous plants were evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine resistant K1 strain Plasmodium falciparum . None tested showed high antiplasmodial and only five compounds found to be moderately active (IC 50 values: 0.72–3.11 μ/mL). The most limonoid, gedunin, low...
AIMS--To assess the reliability of detection erythrophagocytic amoebic trophozoites in stool samples diagnosis dysentery associated with invasive Entamoeba histolytica. METHODS--Amoebic culture was carried out on single collected from patients Mexico, Colombia, and Bangladesh. The stools had been examined by light microscopy. Amoebic diagnosed when E histolytica were observed a case bloody diarrhoea. isolates characterised isoenzyme electrophoresis results correlated microscopical findings...
The 4-aminoquinolines chloroquine (CQ) and amodiaquine (AM) were used to treat Gambian children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in a randomized drug trial. Blood samples taken immediately before treatment (day 0), at day 7 28 after treatment. Samples from those parasitologically positive following (‘early positives’) but negative (‘late have been studied by PCR followed restriction enzyme digestion determine the allelic status of pfmdr 1 locus codon-86 position (asparagine or...
An IN VITRO antimalarial test, utilising the inhibition of uptake [G- (3)H]-hypoxanthine into PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM cultured in human blood, has been used to assess activity crude extracts ARTEMISIA ANNUA and A. VULGARIS (Compositae) BRUCEA JAVANICA, AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA, SIMABA CEDRON (Simaroubaceae).
Artemisinin is a novel antimalarial drug isolated in China from the wormwood plant Artemisia annua L. Studies with rodent malaria were carried out to detect antagonism and synergism variety of drugs. Isobolograms interaction plotted at ED90 level. With normally susceptible strain Plasmodium berghei, marked potentiative was found mefloquine, tetracycline spiramycin. There some also primaquine. Combinations artemisinin dapsone, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine,...
Extracts of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) have been tested for antiplasmodial activity against a multi-drug resistant Thailand strain (K-1) Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. 10-Hydroxycanthin-6-one, eurycomalactone, eurycomanone and eurycomanol were isolated form the plant. The vitro antimalarial activities these compounds are reported together with that 6-hydroxy-5, 6-dehydroeurycomalactone.
There are few published reports of mutations in dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) genes P. falciparum populations Nigeria, but one previous study has recorded a novel dhps mutation at codon 431 among infections imported to the United Kingdom from Nigeria. To assess how widespread this is parasites different parts country consequently fill gap sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance data we retrospectively analysed 1000 filter paper blood spots collected...
Twenty-one alkaloids have been assessed for activities against Plasmodium falciparum (multidrug- resistant strain K1) in vitro; 18 of these are reported the first time. Two protoberberine alkaloids, dehydrodiscretine and berberine, were found to antiplasmodial IC(50) values less than 1 M, while seven alkaloids-allocrytopine, columbamine, dehydroocoteine, jatrorrhizine, norcorydine, thalifendine, ushinsunine-had between 10 M. These results discussed context structure-activity relationships....