Abstract Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxaemia and independently associated with an increased risk of metabolic comorbidities (e.g. type II diabetes ischaemic heart disease). These could be attributable to hypoxaemia‐induced alterations in blood lipid profiles. However, it remains unclear whether alters triglyceridaemia differently between biological sexes. Therefore, we used a randomized crossover design examine 6 h moderate (15 hypoxaemic cycles/h,...

While activation of autophagy is vital for cellular survival during exposure to ambient heat and exercise, it remains unclear if autophagic activity differs between these stress conditions aging mediates this response. Young (n=10, mean [SD]: 22 [2] years) older males 70 [5] performed 30 min semi-recumbent cycling (70% maximal oxygen uptake). On a separate day, participants were immersed in warm water min, with the temperature adjusted induce same increase core (rectal) as prior exercise...

Abstract During extreme heat events (EHEs) the public often learns about health protective actions through media. Visual news coverage can act as a powerful tool to help convey complex public. Despite importance of images in helping understand risk, there has been no systematic analysis assess what have used by media outlets Canada during EHEs. This paper helps fill that gap analyzing how Canadian visually communicated risks unprecedented 2021 Heat Dome. A review thousands online articles...

Autophagy is essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells and tolerance of acute stressors such as starvation, heat, recovery after exercise. Limited information exists regarding the exercise intensity-dependent autophagic response humans, it unknown how environmental heat stress may modulate this response. Therefore, we evaluated autophagy accompanying pathways [the heat-shock (HSR), apoptosis, inflammation] peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) from 10 young men...

Abstract Background During the summer of 2021, a deadly, unprecedented multiday Heat Dome engulfed western Canada. As result this extreme heat event (EHE), emergency dispatchers received an unparalleled increase in incoming 911 calls for ambulance, police, and fire (as first responders) services to attend hundreds heat‐vulnerable community members succumbing heat. With 103 all‐time records broken during EHE indoor temperatures nearly 40°C, responders attending these faced extensive job...

During the 2021 Heat Dome, 619 people in British Columbia died due to heat. This public health disaster was made worse by ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies have explored intersection of heat with COVID-19, and none Canada. Considering that climate change is expected increase frequency extreme events, it important improve our understanding intersecting crises. Thus, this study aimed explore media-based communication Canada during pandemic Dome. A qualitative content analysis conducted on...

Extreme heat events directly impact worker health and cause additional cascading transitional workplace impacts. However, current investigations on these impacts often rely specific datasets (e.g., compensation claims, hospitalizations). Thus, to continue work towards preventing mitigating the occupational risks posed by extreme events, this study aimed explore of 2021 Heat Dome in Canada using a qualitative content analysis method news-based dataset. A systematized review news articles...

Among the most vulnerable to health-harming effects of heat are people experiencing homelessness. However, during 2021 Heat Dome, deadliest extreme event (EHE) recorded in Canada date, homelessness represented smallest proportion decedents (n = 3, 0.5%)—despite impacted region (British Columbia) having some highest rates country. Thus, we sought explore Dome as a media-based case study identify potential actions or targeted strategies that were initiated by community support agencies,...

Hypothermia is a critical consequence of extreme cold exposure that increases the risk cold-related injury and death in humans. While initiation cytoprotective mechanisms including process autophagy heat shock response (HSR) crucial to cellular survival during periods stress, age-related decrements these systems may underlie cold-induced vulnerability older adults. Moreover, whether potential sex-related differences autophagic regulation influence human stress remain unknown. We evaluated...

With global warming, workers are increasingly exposed to strenuous occupations in hot environments. Given age- and disease-associated declines thermoregulatory function, older at an elevated risk of developing heat-related injuries. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought confer neuroprotection during acute exercise, however, the influence environmental heat on BDNF responses prolonged work remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated serum concentrations before after 180 min...

Autophagy is a vital cellular process, essential to maintaining function during acute physiological stressors including exercise and heat stress. We previously showed that autophagy occurs in an intensity-dependent manner peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young men, with elevated responses the heat. However, given declines age, it unclear whether similar pattern of response older adults. Therefore, we evaluated stress [i.e., apoptosis, inflammation, shock (HSR)] PBMCs 10...

Abstract Background With rising temperature extremes, older workers are becoming increasingly vulnerable to heat‐related injuries because of age‐ and disease‐associated decrements in thermoregulatory function. Endothelial monocyte‐activating polypeptide‐II (EMAP‐II) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has not yet been well‐characterized during heat stress, which may mediate the inflammatory response high levels physiological strain. Methods We evaluated serum EMAP‐II concentrations before...

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxemia, which associated with progressive loss of kidney function, where postprandial fluctuations in renal physiology may further compromise oxygen supply and function. Therefore, we measured biomarkers acute injury (AKI) following a high‐fat meal without hypoxemia. Eighteen healthy young men (mean age [SD]: 22.7 years [3.1]) seven middle‐aged to older individuals OSA (54.4 [6.4]) consumed during normoxia or...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with worsening age-related impairments in heat loss, causing higher core temperature during exercise. We evaluated whether these thermoregulatory occur altered serum protein responses to stress by measuring cytoprotection, inflammation, and tissue damage biomarkers middle-aged-to-older men (50–74 years) ( n = 16) without 14) T2D following exercise 40°C. There were no changes irisin, klotho, HSP70, sCD14, TNF-α, IL-6, whereas NGAL (+539 pg/mL, p 0.002)...

Hypoxemia occurs during exposure to high altitude (continuous hypoxemia) or in the context of breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; intermittent hypoxemia). Growing evidence demonstrates that hypoxemia induces an anorexigenic effect on appetite; however, few studies have assessed hypoxemia-related reductions appetite acute passive exposures and hypoxemia. This study thus pooled together four same-single-site randomized crossover trials using simulated models (fraction...

The unprecedented 2021 Heat Dome caused wide-ranging and long-lasting impacts in western Canada, including 619 confirmed heat-related deaths British Columbia, a doubling of emergency medical calls, increased hospitalisations, infrastructure failures stress on plants animals. However, such varied socio-economic consequences extreme heat can be challenging to capture using single post-event analysis method. Therefore, there is need explore alternative approaches data sources. Using the as case...

The process of autophagy is vital in maintaining normal cellular function, especially during exposure to elevated states physiological stress associated with exercise and hot ambient temperatures. While prior observations are primarily limited responses males, the autophagic response acute females represents a considerable knowledge gap. Therefore, we assessed related pathways peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 healthy young (n=10, mean [SD]: aged 23 years [3]) older 69 30...

Exposure to an elevated state of hyperthermia is associated with heat-induced cytotoxicity, thereby resulting in impaired cellular function. Cellular dysfunction during heat stress leads the initiation systemic inflammation and apoptotic cell death, which if left unabated, can cause tissue damage death. To counter injury, cells employ vital mechanism autophagy acts prevent accumulation toxic protein aggregates dysfunctional organelles promote survival. In our recent ex vivomodel, we...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin playing an essential role in exercise-induced cognitive benefits. Although BDNF mainly released by neurons, it also produced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), indicating bidirectional relationship between nervous and immune systems. Previous findings demonstrate that upregulated PBMCs following high- (i.e., anaerobic threshold) maximal-intensity exercise. However, remains unclear if moderate exercise intensities, frequently...

Klotho is a protein expressed by the kidneys and vital in protecting cellular function during acute physiological stressors (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress), as occurs exercise-heat stress. We previously showed that serum klotho concentrations are blunted healthy older men, with further impairments men type 2 diabetes (T2D) prolonged exercise heat. These altered responses may increase vulnerability to heat-induced injury consequently risk of kidney (AKI). However, biomarkers AKI, such...