Optimal management of neuropathic pain is a major clinical challenge. We investigated the involvement c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in produced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) (L5). SNL induced slow (>3 d) and persistent (>21 activation JNK, particular JNK1, GFAP-expressing astrocytes cord. In contrast, p38 mitogen-activated protein was found microglia after SNL, which had fallen to near basal level 21 d. Intrathecal infusion JNK peptide inhibitor, D-JNKI-1, did not affect normal responses...

In the present study, we examined effects of preoperative electroacupuncture (EA) at classical bilateral acupuncture points (Zusanli, also known as ST-36) on postoperative pain and opioid-related side effects. One hundred healthy consenting women undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to four treatment regimens: Group I (n=25), control; II sham-EA (needle insertion without electrical stimulation); III low-EA (2 Hz IV high-EA (100 stimulation). EA groups received needle...

Although pain is regarded traditionally as neuronally mediated, recent progress shows an important role of spinal glial cells in persistent sensitization. Mounting evidence has implicated microglia the development chronic (e.g. neuropathic after peripheral nerve injury). Less known about astrocytes regulation. However, have very close contact with synapses and maintain homeostasis extracellular environment. In this review, we provide to support a maintaining pain. particular, c-Jun...

Management of chronic pain is a real challenge, and current treatments that focus on blocking neurotransmission in the pathway have resulted limited success. Activation glial cells has been widely implicated neuroinflammation CNS, leading to neurodegeneration conditions such as Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis. The inflammatory mediators released by activated cells, tumor necrosis factor-a interleukin-1b not only cause these conditions, but also abnormal acting spinal cord dorsal horn...

Peripheral inflammation induces persistent central sensitization characterized by mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia that are mediated distinct mechanisms. Compared to well-demonstrated mechanisms of hyperalgesia, underlying the development contralateral pain incompletely known. In this study, we investigated role spinal JNK in allodynia, an inflammatory model. Intraplantar injection complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced bilateral but unilateral hyperalgesia. CFA also a activation...

Recent studies have implicated the activation of stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in spinal microglial cells for development neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The aim present study was to investigate whether phosphorylation (p-p38) also mediates mechanical allodynia thermal hyperalgesia induced by plantar incision.After rats received a incision surgery, were determined von Frey filaments radiant heat, respectively, number p-p38 immunoreactive dorsal horn...

Current evidence indicates that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in spinal microglia contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. However, how nerve injury activates is incompletely unknown. Nerve injury-induced ectopic spontaneous activity essential for generation The authors examined whether peripheral neural necessary microglia.To examine depends on rat spared (SNI) model, blocked conduction sciatic before or 2 days after SNI. block was produced by applying...

Postoperative ileus (PI) is one of many common complications in major abdominal surgery. PI results patient discomfort, increased gastrointestinal leakage, prolonged hospital stay, and medical expenses. In this study, we have investigated the morphine-sparing effects ketorolac its correlation with duration patients colorectal surgeries.We collected data from 102 who had received elective resection. The were randomly allocated into 2 groups intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA)...

Background: Postoperative ileus (PI) is the transient impairment of bowel motility due to surgical trauma and associated physiological responses. results in patient discomfort, increases gastrointestinal risks, prolongs hospital stay medical expenses. In this study, we investigated effect patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine with or without ketorolac on functions patients after colorectal surgeries. Methods: A total 79 who received elective resection were randomly allocated into two...

Purpose: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is pivotal in treating chronic intractable pain.To elucidate the mechanism of action among conventional and current novel types SCSs, a stable reliable electrophysiology model consensus animals to mimic human SCS treatment essential.We have recently developed new vivo implantable pulsed-ultrahigh-frequency (pUHF) platform for conducting behavioral electrophysiological studies rats.However, some technical details were not fully understood.This study...

The potential mechanisms of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced mitogenesis were studied in a Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cell line overexpressing the rat vascular type 1a ANG receptor (CHO-AT1a). had potent mitogenic effects these CHO-AT1a cells, leading to sustained increase number as well dose-dependent DNA synthesis. treatment also induced biphasic elevation mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity both p42MAPK and p44MAPK with rapid early peak at 5 min (2- 6-fold) followed by...

Abstract Background Pulsed radiofrequency ( PRF ) has been widely used to treat chronic pain, but the effectiveness and mechanisms in preventing early neuropathic pain have not well explored. Even fewer knowledge is available its impact on glia‐mediated nociceptive sensitization. This study aims elucidate modulation of nerve injury‐induced development activation spinal mitogen‐activated protein kinases MAPKs ). Methods In a rat ligation SNL model, low‐volt treatment was applied L 5 dorsal...

Background: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) has been widely employed for ameliorating clinical neuropathic pain. How PRF alters electrophysiological transmission and modulates biomolecular functions in neural tissues yet to be clarified. We previously demonstrated that an early application of low-voltage bipolar adjacent the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) reduced acute pain animals. By contrast, present study investigated how postsynaptic sensitization produce delayed effects on Objectives: Our...

This paper presents the implementation of a batteryless CMOS SoC with low voltage pulsed radio-frequency (PRF) stimulation. implantable uses 402 MHz command signals following medical implanted communication system (MICS) standard and frequency (1 MHz) for RF power transmission. A body floating type rectifier achieves 84% conversion ratio. bi-phasic pulse train 1.4 V 500 kHz is delivered by PRF driver circuit. The parameters include duration, repetition rate, which are controllable via...

Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) can be produced by different types of conditioning stimuli, but the analgesic properties and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim this study was to differentiate induction DNIC analgesia between electrical inflammatory stimuli.First, rats subjected either a supramaximal stimulation or an injection high-dose formalin in hind limb were identified have pain responses with behavioral evidence spinal Fos-immunoreactive profiles. Second,...

Low-level laser acupuncture (LLLA) produces photobiomodulation through point and is an alternative to low-level therapy. Although the analgesic effect of LLLA on chronic pain has been proven, its acute postincisional yet be investigated. A plantar incision (PI) model was used mimic human postsurgical pain. Male adult rats received GaAlAs irradiation at right ST36 acupoint immediately after operation following 4 days. Three treatment groups (two red with a 30- or 15-min duration one 30-min...

A multilayer hierarchical structure for an intelligent analysis system is described in this paper. Four levels (patients', measurement, Web-based, and interpreting) are used to collect massive amounts from clinical information analyze it with both traditional artificial methods. To support this, a novel fuzzy pain demand (FPD) index derived the interval of each bolus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) designed documented large-scale survey. The FPD modeled according modeling algorithm...

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an important pain treatment modality. This study hypothesized that a novel pulsed ultrahigh-frequency spinal (pUHF-SCS) could safely and effectively inhibit spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic in rats.Epidural pUHF-SCS (± 3V, 2-Hz pulses comprising 500-kHz biphasic sinewaves) was implanted at the thoracic vertebrae (T9 to T11). Local field brain potentials after hind paw were recorded. Analgesia evaluated by von Frey-evoked allodynia acetone-induced cold...

Abstract The use of anesthetics in acupuncture analgesia is controversial. We evaluate a steady‐state light anesthesia model to test whether minimal stress manipulation and reliable measurement could be simultaneously achieved during electroacupuncture (EA) animals. A series experiments were performed. Firstly, EA compliance tail‐flick latencies (TFL) compared rats under 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, or 1.1% halothane for 120min. Under 0.5% halothane, TFL then measured groups receiving at...

Electrical stimulation can effectively control or reduce the sensation of pain. This paper presents implementation a batteryless CMOS SoC with low-voltage pulsed radio-frequency (PRF) stimulation. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by observing behavior rats receiving localized bi-polar stimulus to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) lumbar nerve without thermal damage.