A5091357697- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Linguistics and Cultural Studies
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Eurasian Exchange Networks
- Archaeological Research and Protection
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
- Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Masaryk University
2020-2024
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
2017-2024
Princeton University
2022-2024
University of Warsaw
2023-2024
Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology
2022-2024
Oxford Archaeology
2018-2022
University of Oxford
2018-2022
Nigerian Geological Survey Agency
2022
École des hautes études en sciences sociales
2022
Cambridge University Press
2022
A synthetic history of human land use Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth's surface starting 10,000 8000 years ago. Through a collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled comprehensive picture trajectory worldwide during Holocene (see Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed face Earth earlier greater extent than has been widely appreciated, transformation that was essentially global 3000 before present....
Human and animal diet reconstruction studies that rely on tissue chemical signatures aim at providing estimates the relative intake of potential food groups. However, several sources uncertainty need to be considered when handling data. Bayesian mixing models provide a natural platform handle diverse while allowing user contribute with prior expert information. The model FRUITS (Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals) was developed for use in studies. incorporates capability...
Abstract The origin and early dispersal of speakers Transeurasian languages—that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic Turkic—is among the most disputed issues Eurasian population history 1–3 . A key problem is relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions movements 4,5 Here we address this question by ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including comprehensive...
Significance Recent investigation of several mammalian hosts suggests that their intestinal bacterial communities display evidence clusters characterized by differences in specific taxa, a concept referred to as enterotypes. By performing stable isotope analysis environmental samples, monitoring during dietary shifts, and collecting functional metagenomic sequence data, we provide novel insight into the origins dynamics enterotype-like community clustering wild house mice. Two are present...
The island cemetery site of Ostorf (Germany) consists individual human graves containing Funnel Beaker ceramics dating to the Early or Middle Neolithic. However, previous isotope and radiocarbon analysis demonstrated that individuals had a diet rich in freshwater fish. present study was undertaken quantitatively reconstruct population establish if dietary habits are consistent with traditional characterization Neolithic diet.Quantitative reconstruction achieved through novel approach...
The analysis of lipids (fats, oils and waxes) absorbed within archaeological pottery has revolutionized the study past diets culinary practices. However, this technique can lack taxonomic tissue specificity is often unable to disentangle signatures resulting from mixing different food products. Here, we extract ancient proteins ceramic vessels West Mound key early farming site Çatalhöyük in Anatolia, revealing that community processed mixes cereals, pulses, dairy meat products, particular...
Abstract Stable isotope analysis has been utilized in archaeology since the 1970s, yet standardized protocols for terminology, sampling, pretreatment evaluation, calibration, quality assurance and control, data presentation, graphical or statistical treatment still remain lacking archaeological applications. Here, we present recommendations requirements each of these context of: bulk stable carbon nitrogen organics; oxygen carbonates; single compound on amino acids collagen keratin; hydrogen...
Abstract During the Early Bronze Age, populations of western Eurasian steppe expanded across an immense area northern Eurasia. Combined archaeological and genetic evidence supports widespread Age population movements out Pontic–Caspian that resulted in gene flow vast distances, linking Yamnaya pastoralists Scandinavia with pastoral (known as Afanasievo) far to east Altai Mountains 1,2 Mongolia 3 . Although some models hold this expansion was outcome a newly mobile economy characterized by...
Abstract The introduction of farming had far-reaching impacts on health, social structure and demography. Although the spread domesticated plants animals has been extensively tracked, it is unclear how these nascent economies developed within different environmental cultural settings. Using molecular isotopic analysis lipids from pottery, here we investigate foods prepared by earliest communities European Atlantic seaboard. Surprisingly, find an absence aquatic foods, including in ceramics...
Abstract The Black Death (1347–1352 ce ) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances ancient DNA research that conclusively identified pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis ), our knowledge remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks medieval written sources available for some areas Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data...
Archaeological bone undergoes alterations after burial (diagenesis) that constitute a problem for the survival of archaeological information. A common method to assess this alteration is Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). However, commonly applied (FTIR–KBr) destructive and sample preparation may influence results. This paper tests suitability FTIR attenuated total reflection (FTIR–ATR), not used investigate diagenesis. FTIR–ATR requires less can be non‐destructive, allowing...
Quantitative individual human diet reconstruction using isotopic data and a Bayesian approach typically requires the inclusion of several model parameters, such as data, macronutrient composition food groups, diet-to-tissue offsets dietary routing. In an archaeological context, sparse may hamper widespread application models. However, simpler models be proposed to address specific questions. As consequence intake marine foods, individuals from first century ad Roman site Herculaneum showed...
Archaeological research is radically transforming the view that Amazon basin and surrounding areas witnessed limited societal development before European contact. Nevertheless, uncertainty remains on nature of subsistence systems role aquatic resources, terrestrial mammalian game, plants had in supporting population growth, geographic dispersal, cultural adaptations political complexity during later stages pre-Columbian era. This exacerbated by general paucity archaeological human enabling...
Abstract The cooling and drying associated with the so-called ‘8.2 ka event’ have long been hypothesized as having sweeping implications for human societies in Early Holocene, including some of last Mesolithic hunter-gatherers Atlantic Europe. Nevertheless, detailed ‘on-site’ records which impacts broader climate changes on human-relevant environments can be explored lacking. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SST) from δ 18 O values measured subfossil topshells Phorcus lineatus...
Abstract Domesticated yaks endure as iconic symbols of high-altitude frozen landscapes, where herding communities depend on their high-fat milk, transport, dung, and natural fibers. While there is established proteomic evidence for ancient consumption ruminant horse milk in the mountains steppes northern Eurasia, yak dairy products have yet to be detected. Yak domestication species’ dispersal from Tibet into mountainous zones north are also poorly resolved due a paucity zooarchaeological...
The extreme environments of the Tibetan Plateau offer considerable challenges to human survival, demanding novel adaptations. While role biological and agricultural adaptations in enabling early colonization plateau has been widely discussed, contribution pastoralism is less well understood, especially dairy that historically central diets. Here, we analyze ancient proteins from dental calculus (n = 40) all individuals with sufficient preservation interior plateau. Our paleoproteomic results...
Compound-specific isotope analysis of human bone collagen provides a snapshot dietary variability at Roman Herculaneum.
Wildfires greatly increase a landscape's vulnerability to flooding and erosion events by removing vegetation changing soils. Fire damage soil increases with increasing temperature, and, for fires where smoldering combustion is absent, the current understanding that temperatures as fuel load fire intensity increase. Here, however, we show this based on experiments under homogeneous conditions does not necessarily apply at more relevant larger scale soils, vegetation, characteristics are...
Radiocarbon reservoir effects (RREs) are observed when the 14C concentration of aquatic reservoirs is lower than contemporary atmosphere. Within these reservoirs, species will also have a depleted signal, and humans feeding on show dietary RRE. Human RREs often viewed as problem for establishment reliable chronologies. However, they represent an opportunity to introduce radiocarbon proxy investigating possible past human consumption food groups. Here, synthesis previously published new dates...
Populations in Mongolia from the late second millennium B.C.E. through Mongol Empire are traditionally assumed, by archaeologists and historians, to have maintained a highly specialized horse-facilitated form of mobile pastoralism. Until recently, dearth direct evidence for prehistoric human diet subsistence economies has rendered systematic testing this view impossible. Here, we present stable carbon nitrogen isotope measurements bone collagen, analysis enamel bioapatite, 137 well-dated...
Abstract We present the first study employing Bayesian modelling of isotopic measurements on dentine increments (five human upper molars) to address Romano‐British infant feeding practices at Bainesse (UK). The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope results modelled 6‐month intervals with novel OsteoBioR software revealed some common patterns, weaning not starting before age 6 months higher animal protein consumption after seven. latter possibly indicated a ‘survival’ threshold, evidenced by...
Abstract Here we present the Compendium Isotoporum Medii Aevi (CIMA) , an open-access database gathering more than 50,000 isotopic measurements for bioarchaeological samples located within Europe and its margins, dating between 500 1500 CE. This multi-isotope (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, 34 S, 18 O, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) archive of on human, animal, plant archaeological remains also includes a variety supporting information that offer, instance, taxonomic characterization samples, their location, chronology, in...
Recent advances in interdisciplinary archaeological research Arabia have focused on the evolution and historical development of regional human populations as well diverse patterns cultural change, migration, adaptations to environmental fluctuations. Obtaining a comprehensive understanding developments such emergence lifeways Neolithic groups has been hindered by limited preservation stratified assemblages organic remains, common challenge arid environments. Underground settings like caves...