A5045959707- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Hepatitis C virus research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Health and Conflict Studies
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Whipple's Disease and Interleukins
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2011-2024
Center for Global Health
2014-2024
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
2023
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2017-2021
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2020-2021
Office of Science
2021
Center for Disease Control
2021
National Primary Health Care Development Agency
2021
Government of the United States of America
2021
AID Atlanta
2020
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in areas with low poliovirus immunity and cause outbreaks* of paralytic polio (1-5). Among the three types wild poliovirus, type 2 was declared eradicated 2015 (1,2). The use trivalent oral vaccine (tOPV; 1, 2, 3 Sabin strains) ceased April 2016 via a 1-month-long, global synchronized switch to bivalent OPV (bOPV; 1 immunization activities (1-4). Monovalent (mOPV2; strain) is available for cVDPV (cVDPV2) outbreak response number...
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and lead to outbreaks of paralytic polio as well asymptomatic transmission in communities with a high percentage undervaccinated children. Using data from the World Health Organization Polio Information System Global Laboratory Network, this report describes global due cVDPVs during January 2023-June 2024 updates previous reports. During reporting period, 74 cVDPV were detected 39 countries or areas (countries), predominantly...
Vaccination is an important and cost-effective disease prevention control strategy. Despite progress in vaccine development immunization delivery systems worldwide, populations areas of conflict (hereafter, "conflict settings") often have limited or no access to lifesaving vaccines, leaving them at increased risk for morbidity mortality related vaccine-preventable disease. Without developing refining approaches reach vaccinate children other vulnerable settings, outbreaks these settings may...
As of May 1, 2016, use oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) type 2 for routine and supplementary immunization activities ceased after a synchronized global switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV; containing Sabin strain types 2, 3) to bivalent (bOPV; 1 subsequent the certified eradication wild (WPV) in 2015 (1-3). Circulating vaccine-derived (cVDPV) outbreaks* occur when transmission is prolonged underimmunized populations, allowing viral genetic reversion neurovirulence, resulting cases paralytic polio...
Background. Transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) has never been interrupted in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. Since 2003, infections with WPV Nigerian origin have detected 25 polio-free countries. In 2012, the government created an emergency operations center implemented a national action plan to eradicate polio. The 2013 revision this prioritized (1) improving quality supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), (2) implementing strategies reach underserved populations, (3) adopting...
On August 10, 2016, 2 years after the most recent wild poliovirus (WPV) case was reported in Nigeria (in July 2014) (1), two WPV cases were northeastern state of Borno, which has been severely affected by insurgency-related insecurity since 2013. September 9 and 26, additional Borno children whose families migrated from security-compromised, inaccessible areas state. All four serotype 1 (WPV1), with genetic differences indicating prolonged undetected transmission. A large-scale emergency...
In September 2015, more than 1 year after reporting its last wild poliovirus (WPV) case in July 2014 (1), Nigeria was removed from the list of countries with endemic transmission,* leaving Afghanistan and Pakistan as only remaining WPV. However, on April 29, 2016, a laboratory-confirmed, circulating vaccine-derived type 2 (cVDPV2) isolate reported an environmental sample collected March sewage effluent site Maiduguri Municipal Council, Borno State, security-compromised area northeastern...
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) began in 1988, number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined by >99.99%. Five six World Health Organization (WHO) regions have been certified free indigenous WPV, and WPV serotypes 2 3 declared eradicated globally (1). type 1 (WPV1) remains endemic only Afghanistan Pakistan (2,3). Before outbreak described this report, WPV1 had not detected southeastern Africa since 1990s, on August 25, 2020, WHO African Region was (4). On February...
The polio eradication endgame continues to increase in complexity. With cases caused by wild poliovirus type 1 and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses of all three types (1, 2 3) reported 2022, the number, formulation, use vaccines poses challenges for national immunization programs vaccine suppliers. Prior transmission modeling globally-coordinated type-specific cessation oral (OPV) assumed creation Sabin monovalent OPV (mOPV) stockpiles emergencies explored potential need restart if...
Background. Persistent wild poliovirus transmission in Nigeria constitutes a major obstacle to global polio eradication. In August 2012, the Nigerian national program implemented strategy conduct outreach underserved communities within context of country's emergency action plans. Methods. A standard operating procedure (SOP) for was developed and included guidelines management supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). The SOP following key elements: (1) community engagement meetings, (2)...
Nearly three decades after the World Health Assembly launched Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, four of six Organization (WHO) regions have been certified polio-free (1). Nigeria is one countries, including Pakistan and Afghanistan, where wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission has never interrupted. In September 2015, >1 year without any reported WPV cases, was removed from WHO's list countries with endemic (2); however, during August 2016, type 1 (WPV1) cases were Borno State, a...
Widespread use of live attenuated (Sabin) oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has resulted in marked progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication (1). However, underimmunized populations, extensive person-to-person transmission Sabin can result genetic reversion to neurovirulence and paralytic vaccine-derived (VDPV) disease This report updates (as February 26, 2019) previous reports on circulating VDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks during 2017-2018 the Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) Somalia,...
Despite exhaustive and fully-financed plans to manage the risks of globally coordinated cessation oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) containing type 2 (OPV2) prior 2016, as 2022, extensive, continued transmission circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) (cVDPV2) remains. Notably, cumulative cases caused by cVDPV2 since 2016 now exceed 2,500. Earlier analyses explored implications using different formulations respond outbreaks demonstrated how properties novel OPV2 (nOPV2) might affect...
Adverse Events Following Immunization in Viet Nam 2013 led to substantial reductions hepatitis B vaccination coverage (both the birth dose and three-dose series). In order estimate impact of reduction on transmission future mortality, a widely-used mathematical model was applied data from Nam. Using model, we estimated number chronic infections deaths that are expected occur cohort excessive attributable drop immunization 2013. An excess 90,137 17,456 were due coverage. This analysis...
Four wild polio-virus cases were reported in Borno State, Nigeria 2016, 1 year after had been removed from the list of polio endemic countries by World Health Organization. Resulting Nigeria's decade long conflict with Boko Haram, health officials unable to access as much 60% settlements Borno, hindering vaccination and surveillance efforts. This lack accessibility made it difficult for government assess current population distribution within Borno. study aimed use high resolution, visible...
In May 2016, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) coordinated cessation of all use type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2), except for emergency outbreak response. Since then, paralytic polio cases caused by vaccine-derived polioviruses now exceed 3,000 reported 39 countries. 2022 (as April 25, 2023), 20 countries detection and nine other environmental surveillance detection, but no cases. Recent development a genetically modified novel OPV (nOPV2) may help curb generation...
Trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) was globally replaced with bivalent (bOPV) in April 2016 ("the switch"). Many outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis associated type 2 circulating vaccine-derived (cVDPV2) have been reported since this time. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) developed standard operating procedures (SOPs) to guide countries experiencing cVDPV2 implement timely and effective outbreak response (OBR). To assess the possible role compliance SOPs successfully...
Hepatitis B is highly endemic in the Republic of Kiribati, while coverage timely birth dose vaccination, primary method shown to prevent mother-to-child transmission hepatitis virus, was only 66% 2014. Children born at home are especially high risk, as they have limited access (i.e. within 24 h) vaccination. To improve coverage, a project linkages between village health volunteers and workers educate pregnant women on vaccination carried out 16 communities with low Kiribati from November...