A5040889902- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Whipple's Disease and Interleukins
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Cardiovascular Issues in Pregnancy
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Educational methodologies and cognitive development
- Educational theories and practices
- Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Historical and socio-economic studies of Spain and related regions
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2013-2024
AID Atlanta
2020-2024
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2010-2023
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2023
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2020-2022
Computer Emergency Response Team
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
2022
World Health Organization - Afghanistan
2020
Wildlife Conservation Society Congo
2020
Global Viral
2019
An outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Dominican Republic (13 confirmed cases) and Haiti (8 cases, including 2 fatal during 2000-2001. All but one patients were either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children, cases communities with very low (7 to 40%) rates coverage oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The was associated circulation a derivative type 1 OPV strain, probably originating from single dose given 1998-1999. vaccine-derived had biological properties...
the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) notified CDC detection poliovirus type 2 in stool specimens from an unvaccinated immunocompetent young adult Rockland County, York, who was experiencing acute flaccid weakness.The patient initially experienced fever, neck stiffness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and limb hospitalized with possible myelitis (AFM).Vaccine-derived (VDPV2) detected obtained on days 11 12 after initial symptom onset.To date, related Sabin-like polioviruses have been...
We replaced degenerate codons for nine amino acids within the capsid region of Sabin type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine strain with corresponding nonpreferred synonymous codons. Codon replacements were introduced into four contiguous intervals spanning 97% region. In most highly modified virus construct, effective number used (N(C)) fell from 56.2 to 29.8, CG dinucleotides rose 97 302, and G+C content increased 48.4% 56.4%. Replicative fitness in HeLa cells, measured by plaque areas yields...
From 1988 to 1993, 30 cases of poliomyelitis associated with poliovirus type 2 were found in seven governorates Egypt. Because many the geographically and temporally clustered because case isolates differed antigenically from vaccine strain, it was initially assumed that signaled continued circulation wild poliovirus. However, comparison sequences encoding major capsid protein, VP1 (903 nucleotides), revealed related (93 97% nucleotide sequence identity) Sabin oral (OPV) strain unrelated...
We have calibrated five different molecular clocks for circulating poliovirus based upon the rates of fixation total substitutions (K(t)), synonymous (K(s)), transitions (A(s)), transversions (B(s)), and nonsynonymous (K(a)) into P1/capsid region (2,643 nucleotides). Rates were determined over a 10-year period by analysis sequences 31 wild type 1 isolates representing well-defined phylogeny derived from common imported ancestor. Similar obtained linear regression, maximum...
ABSTRACT Replicative fitness of poliovirus can be modulated systematically by replacement preferred capsid region codons with synonymous unpreferred codons. To determine the key genetic contributors to reduction, we introduced different sets into coding an infectious clone derived from type 2 prototype strain MEF-1. in HeLa cells, measured plaque areas and virus yields single-step growth experiments, decreased sharply increased frequencies dinucleotides CpG (suppressed higher eukaryotes most...
ABSTRACT Since 2005, a large poliomyelitis outbreak associated with type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) has occurred in northern Nigeria, where immunization coverage trivalent oral vaccine (tOPV) been low. Phylogenetic analysis of P1/capsid region sequences isolates from each the 403 cases reported 2005 to 2011 resolved into 23 independent (VDPV2) emergences, at least 7 which established lineage groups. Virus one emergence (lineage group 2005-8; 361 isolates) was estimated...
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988 (1), number of polio cases worldwide has declined by >99.99%. Among three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes, only type 1 (WPV1) been detected since 2012. This decline is attributable primarily to use live, attenuated oral vaccine (OPV) national routine immunization schedules and mass vaccination campaigns. The success safety record OPV offset rare emergence genetically divergent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), whose...
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in areas with low poliovirus immunity and cause outbreaks* of paralytic polio (1-5). Among the three types wild poliovirus, type 2 was declared eradicated 2015 (1,2). The use trivalent oral vaccine (tOPV; 1, 2, 3 Sabin strains) ceased April 2016 via a 1-month-long, global synchronized switch to bivalent OPV (bOPV; 1 immunization activities (1-4). Monovalent (mOPV2; strain) is available for cVDPV (cVDPV2) outbreak response number...
§ A VDPV is a strain related to the attenuated live poliovirus contained in OPV.VDPV2s are OPV virus strains that >0.6%divergent (or at least six nucleotide changes) from OPV2 complete VP1 genomic region.https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf ¶ The term PV2, referring all serotype 2 polioviruses, used throughout report indicate either confirmed VDPV2 or type Sabin-like genetically Rockland County patient.A one of Sabin...
In 1988, the World Health Assembly established Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). Since then, wild poliovirus (WPV) cases have decreased approximately 99.99%, and WPV types 2 3 been declared eradicated. Only Afghanistan Pakistan never interrupted type 1 (WPV1) transmission. This report describes global progress toward polio eradication during January 1, 2020-April 30, 2022, updates previous reports (1,2). activity was reviewed by CDC conducted consistent with applicable federal law...
Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks* can occur when oral vaccine (OPV, containing one or more Sabin-strain serotypes 1, 2, and 3) strains undergo prolonged circulation in under-vaccinated populations, resulting genetically reverted neurovirulent virus (1,2). Following declaration of the eradication wild type 2 2015 global synchronized switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV, types to bivalent (bOPV, 1 3 only) for routine immunization activities† April 2016 (3), cVDPV (cVDPV2)...
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and lead to outbreaks of paralytic polio as well asymptomatic transmission in communities with a high percentage undervaccinated children. Using data from the World Health Organization Polio Information System Global Laboratory Network, this report describes global due cVDPVs during January 2023-June 2024 updates previous reports. During reporting period, 74 cVDPV were detected 39 countries or areas (countries), predominantly...
The reliable and timely detection of poliovirus cases through surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), supplemented by environmental sewage samples, is a critical component the polio eradication program.Since 1988, number caused wild (WPV) has declined >99.9%, WPV serotypes 2 3 been certified; only serotype 1 (WPV1) continues to circulate, transmission remains endemic in Afghanistan Pakistan.This update evaluated indicators from AFP surveillance, polioviruses, Global Polio Laboratory...
Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has not been used in the United States since 2000. Type 1 vaccine-derived (VDPV) was identified September 2005, from an unvaccinated Amish infant hospitalized Minnesota with severe combined immunodeficiency. An investigation conducted to determine source of virus and its means transmission.The tested serially for excretion. Investigations were detect infections or paralytic poliomyelitis communities Minnesota, neighboring states, Ontario, Canada. Genomic...
Poliovirus vaccine coverage in Israel is over 90%. The last nine birth cohorts have been vaccinated exclusively with inactivated polio (IPV). However, between February and July 2013 type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) was detected persistently 10 intermittently 8 of 47 environmental surveillance sites southern central 30 stool samples collected during from healthy individuals Israel. We report results sequence phylogenetic analyses genes encoding capsid proteins to determine the source...
Certification of global eradication indigenous wild poliovirus type 2 occurred in 2015 and 3 2019. Since the launch Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) 1988 broad use live, attenuated oral vaccine (OPV), number cases has declined >99.99% (1). Genetically divergent vaccine-derived poliovirus* (VDPV) strains can emerge during spread underimmunized populations, becoming circulating VDPV (cVDPV) strains, resulting outbreaks paralytic poliomyelitis.† In April 2016, all polio vaccination...
In 1988, when an estimated 350,000 cases of poliomyelitis occurred in 125 countries, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate polio globally. Transmission wild poliovirus (WPV) continues uninterrupted only three countries (Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan) (1), among serotypes, WPV type 1 (WPV1) remains confirmed circulating type. This report describes global progress toward eradication during January 2016-March 2018, updates previous reports (2). 2017, 22 WPV1 were reported, a 41%...
As of May 1, 2016, use oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) type 2 for routine and supplementary immunization activities ceased after a synchronized global switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV; containing Sabin strain types 2, 3) to bivalent (bOPV; 1 subsequent the certified eradication wild (WPV) in 2015 (1-3). Circulating vaccine-derived (cVDPV) outbreaks* occur when transmission is prolonged underimmunized populations, allowing viral genetic reversion neurovirulence, resulting cases paralytic polio...
The emergence and international spread of neurovirulent circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) across multiple countries in Africa Asia recent years pose a major challenge to the goal eradicating all forms polioviruses. Approximately 90% cVDPV outbreaks are caused by type 2 strain Sabin vaccine, an oral live, attenuated vaccine; typically occur areas persistently low immunization coverage (1). A novel poliovirus vaccine (nOPV2), produced genetic modification virus genome (2), was...
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, number of reported poliomyelitis cases worldwide has declined by approximately 99.99%. By end 2021, wild poliovirus (WPV) remained endemic only two countries (Pakistan and Afghanistan). However, a WPV type 1 (WPV1) case with paralysis onset Malawi year after World Health Organization (WHO) African Region (AFR) certified as WPV-free circulating vaccine-derived (cVDPV) were from 31 during 2020-2021 (1,2). cVDPVs are...
ABSTRACT We determined the complete genomic sequences of nine type 1 immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) isolates obtained over a 337-day period from poliomyelitis patient Taiwan with common variable immunodeficiency. The iVDPV differed Sabin oral vaccine (OPV) strain at 1.84% to 3.15% total open reading frame positions and had diverged into least five distinct lineages. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that chronic infection was initiated by fifth last OPV dose, given 567 days...
Here we report a documented case of congenital transmission Trypanosoma cruzi from Bolivian mother with chronic Chagas disease living in Spain. The serology and blood nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive for the mother, amastigote forms observed histopathological study placenta umbilical cord. Direct examination, culture, PCR neonate. At age 8 days, neonate began treatment 5-7.5 mg/kg/day benznidazol, which was continued 60 days. negative to T. 20 days after start remained 4...
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide (1). One of main tools used in polio eradication efforts has been live, attenuated, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) (2), an inexpensive easily administered by trained volunteers. OPV might require several doses induce immunity, but provides long-term protection against paralytic disease. Through effective use OPV, Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) brought wild polioviruses threshold However, use,...