A5086047026- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Genital Health and Disease
- Food Safety and Hygiene
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Reproductive tract infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Medical Coding and Health Information
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Whipple's Disease and Interleukins
- Cancer and Skin Lesions
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Legal Issues in South Africa
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Celiac Disease Research and Management
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2011-2023
Center for Global Health
2023
University of Washington
2016-2023
Seattle University
2022
AID Atlanta
2020
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2020
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2011
North Carolina Division of Public Health
2011
Abstract During 2003–2009, we identified 544 cases of Cronobacter spp. infection from 6 US states. The highest percentage invasive infections occurred among children <5 years age; urine isolates predominated adults. Rates infants approximate earlier estimates. Overall incidence 0.66 cases/100,000 population was higher than anticipated.
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in areas with low poliovirus immunity and cause outbreaks* of paralytic polio (1-5). Among the three types wild poliovirus, type 2 was declared eradicated 2015 (1,2). The use trivalent oral vaccine (tOPV; 1, 2, 3 Sabin strains) ceased April 2016 via a 1-month-long, global synchronized switch to bivalent OPV (bOPV; 1 immunization activities (1-4). Monovalent (mOPV2; strain) is available for cVDPV (cVDPV2) outbreak response number...
Since the World Health Assembly established Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, two of three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3) have been eradicated, global WPV cases decreased by more than 99.9%. Afghanistan Pakistan remain only countries where indigenous type 1 (WPV1) transmission has not interrupted. This report summarizes progress toward polio eradication during January 1, 2021-March 31, 2023, updates previous reports (1,2). In 2022, reported 22 WPV1 cases,...
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and lead to outbreaks of paralytic polio as well asymptomatic transmission in communities with a high percentage undervaccinated children. Using data from the World Health Organization Polio Information System Global Laboratory Network, this report describes global due cVDPVs during January 2023-June 2024 updates previous reports. During reporting period, 74 cVDPV were detected 39 countries or areas (countries), predominantly...
SUMMARY During December 2009, over 200 individuals reported gastrointestinal symptoms after dining at a North Carolina restaurant. An outbreak investigation included case-control study of restaurant patrons, secondary household transmission study, environmental assessment the facilities and operations, laboratory analysis stool food samples. Illness was primarily associated with consumption steamed oysters (odds ratio 12, 95% confidence interval 4·8–28) 20% (8/41 households) cases, attack...
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) began in 1988, transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) has been interrupted all countries except Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. WPV type 2 (WPV2) was declared eradicated 2015; 3 not detected since 2012 (1). After certification eradication WPV2, a global switch from trivalent oral vaccine (tOPV, containing virus types 1, 2, 3) to bivalent (bOPV, 1 completed April 2016. Nigeria last reported (WPV1) cases This report describes progress...
Background In May 2008, PulseNet detected a multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Saintpaul infections. Initial investigations identified an epidemiologic association between illness and consumption raw tomatoes, yet cases continued. mid-June, we investigated two clusters strain infections in Texas among patrons Restaurant A establishments Chain B to determine the outbreak's source. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted independent case-control studies patrons. Patients...
Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes an estimated 1.2 million infections, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths annually in the United States. Most illnesses are self-limited; however, treatment with antimicrobial agents can be life-saving for invasive infections.The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System collaborated on a prospective cohort study of patients nontyphoidal bloodstream gastrointestinal infections to determine differences...
<h3>Importance</h3> The World Health Organization recommends cryotherapy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 higher regardless of HIV status. Cryotherapy is more feasible in resource-limited settings but may be less effective women living with HIV. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether LEEP a treatment high-grade lesions among <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Single-center randomized trial...
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) began in 1988, number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined by >99.99%. Five six World Health Organization (WHO) regions have been certified free indigenous WPV, and WPV serotypes 2 3 declared eradicated globally (1). type 1 (WPV1) remains endemic only Afghanistan Pakistan (2,3). Before outbreak described this report, WPV1 had not detected southeastern Africa since 1990s, on August 25, 2020, WHO African Region was (4). On February...
Trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) was globally replaced with bivalent (bOPV) in April 2016 ("the switch"). Many outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis associated type 2 circulating vaccine-derived (cVDPV2) have been reported since this time. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) developed standard operating procedures (SOPs) to guide countries experiencing cVDPV2 implement timely and effective outbreak response (OBR). To assess the possible role compliance SOPs successfully...
Background . Maternal tuberculosis (TB) may be associated with increased risk of adverse infant outcomes. Study Design We examined the low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm (<37 weeks) maternal TB in a retrospective population-based Washington State cohort using linked certificate delivery hospitalization discharge records. identified 134 women births between 1987 2012 TB-associated ICD-9 diagnosis codes at hospital 536 randomly selected without TB,...
<h3>Importance</h3> Persistence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) after treatment for intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) has not been compared between cryotherapy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) among HIV-positive women. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether LEEP is more effective at clearing hrHPV persistent associated with CIN2+ recurrence <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This a secondary analysis randomized clinical trial...
Background The expression of p16 protein, a surrogate marker for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), is associated with cervical dysplasia. We evaluated correlates at treatment high-grade lesions and its utility in predicting the recurrence intraepithelial grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) following cryotherapy among women HIV. Methods This subgroup analysis HIV Kenya baseline biopsy-confirmed CIN2+ who were randomized to receive followed every six-months two-years CIN2+. P16...
Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women to prevent cervical cancer may stimulate HIV RNA shedding and risk transmission.
Health information systems (HIS) include a spectrum of data collection tools that support clinical decision–making; facilitate tracking patients, drug stock, and disease trends; inform policymaking [1]. As intermediaries between individual patient records population–level data, health registers occupy unique space in HIS. are “a containing about aspects the persons” [2]. Paper can be books, folders, or forms individual–level for population. Paper primarily used at facility level, though...
Abstract Background Countries are transitioning assets and functions from polio eradication to integrated immunization surveillance activities. We assessed the extent of linkages between perceptions National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) Certification Committees (NCCs) for understand how can be leveraged improve efficiencies these expert bodies. Methods During May 2017 2018, we administered a 15-question survey NITAG chair or member an NCC counterpart in all countries WHO...
Outbreaks of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) continue to expand across Africa. We conducted a serological survey polio antibodies in high-polio risk areas Niger assess outbreaks. Children between 1 and 5 years age were enrolled from structures randomly selected using satellite imaging enumeration Diffa Province, Niger, July 2019. After obtaining informed consent, dried blood spot cards collected. Neutralizing against 3 serotypes detected microneutralization assay at the Centers for...
Abstract Background Data from clinical trials show that novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) is safe. However, nOPV2 under emergency use listing, and continued safety monitoring required to support licensure World Health Organization (WHO) prequalification. In January 2022, Uganda introduced in a national supplementary immunization activity (SIA) response circulating derived outbreak, vaccinating 9.8 million children &lt; 5 years old. We sought identify characterize events...