The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative modification blood proteins, lipids, DNA, and glutathione in the 24 hours following aerobic anaerobic exercise using similar muscle groups. Ten cross-trained men (24.3 +/- 3.8 years, [mean SEM]) performed random order 30 minutes continuous cycling at 70% Vo(2)max intermittent dumbbell squatting 1 repetition maximum (1RM), separated by 1-2 weeks, a crossover design. Blood samples taken before, immediately, 1, 6, postexercise were analyzed for...

Aging decreases skeletal muscle mass and strength, but aerobic resistance exercise training maintains function. NAD+ is a coenzyme for ATP production required substrate enzymes regulating cellular homeostasis. In muscle, mainly generated by the salvage pathway in which nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) rate-limiting. NAMPT with age human increases levels young men. However, whether distinct modes of increase both old people unknown. We assessed effects 12 weeks on abundance...

Thirty cross-trained, female subjects (19-69 years) completed an endurance exercise session (ES), a resistance (RS), and control (CS) in randomized, balanced design. The ES consisted of 40 minutes cycling at 75% maximum heart rate, the RS 3 sets 10 repetitions eight exercises. During CS, performed no exercise. Before after exercise, 30 recovery, blood samples were analyzed for plasma lactate serum growth hormone, insulin-like factor 1, testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone,...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect aerobic exercise duration on plasma protein carbonyl concentrations, a marker oxidation, in aerobically trained men and women. Eight (age: 27 ± 4 years, V·O2peak: 4.09 0.26 L · min-1; mean SD) 7 women 6 2.33 0.24 min-1) exercised an electrically-braked cycle ergometer at 70 % V·O2peak for 30, 60 or 120 minutes three separate days. Plasma samples collected before immediately, 30- 60-minutes post-exercise were analyzed carbonyls. Mean...

Elevated circulating lactate has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to determine if lactate-induced lysine lactylation (kla), a post-translational modification, present in human skeletal muscle related Fifteen lean (Body Mass Index: 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m 2 ) fourteen obese (40.6 1.4 adults underwent biopsy 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Skeletal increased compared females (19%, p < 0.05) resistance (r = 0.37, whole group. levels were...

Intracellular lipid partitioning toward storage and the incomplete oxidation of fatty acids (FA) have been linked to insulin resistance.To gain insight into how intracellular metabolism is related signal transduction, we examined effects severe obesity, excess FA, overexpression FA transporter, translocase (FAT)/CD36, in primary human skeletal myocytes.Insulin oxidation, were measured muscle cells harvested from lean severely obese women. To emulate obesity phenotype our cell culture system,...

Context: In lean individuals, increasing dietary lipid can elicit an increase in whole body oxidation; however, with obesity the capacity to respond changes substrate availability appears be compromised. Objective: To determine whether responses of genes regulating oxidation skeletal muscle differed between and insulin resistant obese humans upon exposure a high-fat diet (HFD). Design Setting: A 5-d prospective study conducted research unit academic center. Participants: Healthy, (n = 12;...

The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative modification blood proteins, lipids, DNA, and glutathione in the 24 hours following aerobic anaerobic exercise using similar muscle groups. Ten cross-trained men (24.3 ± 3.8 years, [mean SEM]) performed random order 30 minutes continuous cycling at 70% VO2max intermittent dumbbell squatting 1 repetition maximum (1RM), separated by 1–2 weeks, a crossover design. Blood samples taken before, immediately, 1, 6, postexercise were analyzed for...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the obesity-related decrement in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) primary human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC) is linked with lower mitochondrial content and this deficit could be corrected via overexpression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS FAO was studied HSkMC from lean (BMI 22.4 ± 0.9 kg/m2; N = 12) extremely obese (45.3 1.4 9) subjects. Recombinant adenovirus used to increase PGC-1α expression...

The purpose of this study was to determine if site-specific phosphorylation at the level Akt substrate 160 kDa (AS160) is altered in skeletal muscle from sedentary humans across a wide range adult life span (18–84 years age) and endurance- and/or strength-oriented exercise training could rescue decrements insulin action AS160 phosphorylation. A euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp biopsies were performed 73 individuals encompassing age age), insulin-stimulated determined. Decrements whole-body...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether plasma lactate and skeletal muscle glucose regulatory pathways, specifically PDH dephosphorylation, are impaired during hyperinsulinemic conditions in middle- older-aged individuals exercise training could improve key variables responsible for regulation. Eighteen young (19-29 yr; n = 9 males females) 20 (57-82 10 underwent a 2-h euglycemic clamp. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline 30, 50, 90, 120 min analysis lactate, biopsies...

Sixteen, cross-trained, premenopausal women participated in an endurance, resistance, and control session to compare hormone responses. The resistance included 3 sets of eight exercises at 10 RM intensity. endurance consisted a 40-min cycling protocol 75% maximal heart rate. During the session, subjects rested for 35 min. Serum DHEA, estradiol, testosterone, growth hormone, IGF-I, cortisol, plasma lactate concentrations were measured pre-exercise, post-exercise, 30 min into recovery....

Previous research clearly indicates a linear relationship between exercise intensity and growth hormone (GH) release that this is influenced by sex. The present study examined the GH response to increasing duration in young men women. Fifteen healthy subjects (8 7 women) completed three randomly assigned sessions (30, 60, 120 min) at 70% of peak oxygen consumption. Blood samples were collected every 10 min beginning 30 before exercise, for total 240 min. Total integrated concentration (IGHC)...

Optimal health benefits from exercise are achieved by meeting both aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines, however, most older adults do not the majority of those who only perform one type exercise. A pragmatic solution to this problem may be emphasizing a single strategy that maximizes benefits. The loss mass strength at an accelerated rate hallmarks aging that, without intervention, eventually lead physical disability independence. Additionally, risk developing several chronic...

Evidence suggests that paternal diet can predispose offspring to metabolic dysfunction. Despite this knowledge, little is known regarding the effects of high-fat feeding on insulin sensitivity. The purpose study was investigate for first time whole-body and skeletal muscle action in young adult offspring. At 4 weeks age, founder C57BL6/N males (F0) were fed a or control 12 then bred with females diet. Offspring (F1) euthanized at 6 weeks, months, months insulin-stimulated signaling measured...

In contrast to the acute effects of growth hormone (GH) on skeletal muscle protein synthesis, long-term GH treatment appears have negligible mass. Despite this knowledge, little is known regarding chronic synthesis and atrophy signaling pathways. The purpose study was determine if pathways are attenuated and/or intracellular altered in transgenic bovine (bGH) mice.The gastrocnemius soleus from 5-month-old male bGH mice (n = 9) wild type (WT) controls were harvested analyzed for proteins...

Growth hormone (GH) is a powerful stimulator of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway. Acute exercise known stimulus for GH secretion.The purpose this study was to determine phosphorylation JAK2-STAT5 pathway in human skeletal muscle response acute aerobic exercise.Eleven young (22.5 +/- 0.6, mean SE), healthy, aerobically trained males performed 30 min cycling at 70% V O2max. Blood samples were collected 10- 15-min intervals analyzed GH,...

Abstract Objective Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is synthesized by the small intestine in response to dietary lipids. Chronic exposure a high‐fat diet (HFD) desensitizes lipid‐induced APOA4 production and attenuates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. We hypothesized that exogenous could increase BAT thermogenesis energy expenditure HFD‐fed mice, resulting decreased obesity improved glucose tolerance. Methods inguinal white (IWAT) thermogenesis, body composition, intake expenditure,...