A5074216323- Malaria Research and Control
- Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
- Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
- Quinazolinone synthesis and applications
- Diverse Scientific Research Studies
- Helminth infection and control
- Biological Control of Invasive Species
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Complement system in diseases
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
Mount Kenya University
2015-2023
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2006-2017
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
2017
Kenyatta University
2003-2012
Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
2006-2011
University of Shizuoka
2008
University of Tsukuba
2008
Abstract Malaria is a disease that affects nearly 40% of the global population, and chemotherapy remains mainstay its control strategy. The malaria situation increasingly being exacerbated by emergence drug resistance to most available antimalarials, necessitating search for novel drugs. A recent rational approach antimalarial design characterized as “covalent bitherapy” involves linking two molecules with individual intrinsic activity into single agent, thus packaging dual‐activity hybrid...
From the stem bark of Ekebergia capensis, 10 new triterpenoid compounds, ekeberins A (1), B (2), C1 (3), C2 (4), C3 (5), D1 (6), D2 (7), D3 (8), D4 (9), and D5 (10), were isolated together with 17 known compounds. The structures these compounds elucidated on basis results spectroscopic analysis, absolute configuration 6-10 determined by partial synthesis from using Mosher ester method. Several screened in vitro against both chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive -resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates...
Abstract Sixty organic and aqueous extracts of eleven plants used for the control malaria by local communities in Kisii District, Kenya were screened vitro anti‐plasmodial activity. The selection was based on existing ethnobotanical information interviews with communities. tested against chloroquine sensitive resistant laboratory adapted strains Plasmodium falciparum . study revealed that 63.6% active (IC 50 ≤ 100 µg/mL). Extracts four plants, Ekebergia capensis , Stephania abyssinica Ajuga...
Malaria is a deadly disease caused by protozoan parasite whose mode of transmission through female Anopheles mosquito. It affects persons all ages; however, pregnant mothers, young children, and the elderly suffer most due to their dwindled immune state. The currently prescribed antimalarial drugs have been associated with adverse side effects ranging from intolerance toxicity. Furthermore, costs conventional approach managing malaria are arguably high especially for living in low-income...
Abstract Hot water extracts from eight medicinal plants representing five families, used for malaria treatment in Kenya were screened their vivo antimalarial activity mice against a chloroquine (CQ) resistant Plasmodium berghei NK65, either alone or combination with CQ. Extracts of three plants, Toddalia asiatica (root bark), Rhamnus prinoides (leaves and root bark) Vernonia lasiopus showed high chemosuppression the range 51%–75%. Maytenus acuminata , M. heterophylla senegalensis staddo had...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem globally especially in Sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya. Without any intervention, lower/middle-income countries (LMICs) will be most affected due to already higher AMR levels compared with income and the far burden of diseases LMICs. Studies have consistently shown that inappropriate use antimicrobials major driver AMR. To address this challenge, hospitals are now implementing antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs), which been achieve...
Abstract Background The efficacy and safety of artemether–lumefantrine (AL) dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DP) against asexual parasites population has been documented. However, the effect these anti-malarials on sexual is still less clear. Gametocyte clearance following treatment essential for malaria control elimination efforts; therefore, study sought to determine trends in gametocyte after AL or DP children from a malaria-endemic site Kenya. Methods Children aged between 0.5 12 years...
The evolution of drug-resistant parasites is a major hindrance to malaria control, and thus understanding the behaviour mutants clinical relevance. study aimed investigate how resistance against lumefantrine (LU) piperaquine (PQ), anti-malarials used as partner drugs in artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), impacts parasite fitness. This important since ACT, first-line anti-malarial regimen increasingly being reported.The stability Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain that was previously...
Efforts to develop an effective malarial vaccine are yet be successful and thus chemotherapy remains the mainstay of malaria control strategy. Unfortunately, Plasmodium falciparum, parasite that causes about 90% all global cases is increasingly becoming resistant classical antimalarials, necessitating a search for new chemotherapeutics preferably with novel modes action. Today, rational drug discovery strategy gaining impetus as knowledge biology expands, aided by genome database improved...
We report the rapid detection (20 min) of Streptococcus agalactiae, Group B (GBS) employing on-chip magnetic isolation GBS based on immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension (IFAST), followed isolated using an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay. Up to 80% cells were from spiked artificial urine samples with linear responses signals at 2.3 × 102-9.1 105 CFU mL-1, demonstrating great promise for point-of-care pathogenic bacteria in screening pregnant women. Practical...
Background The greatest impediment to effective malaria control is drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, and thus understanding how impacts on the parasite's fitness pathogenicity may aid strategy. Methodology/Principal Findings To generate resistance, P. berghei NK65 was subjected 5-fluoroorotate (FOA, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, TS) pressure mice. After 15 generations pressure, 2% DT (the delay time for proliferation parasites parasitaemia, relative untreated wild-type...
Plasmodium falciparum SURFIN4.1 is a putative ligand expressed on the merozoite and likely infected red blood cell, whose gene was suggested to be under directional selection in eastern Kenyan population, but balancing Thai population. To understand this difference, surf 4.1 sequences of western P. isolates were analysed. Frameshift mutations copy number variation (CNV) also examined for parasites from Kenya Thailand. Positively significant departures neutral expectations detected region...
The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains Plasmodium falciparum poses a great threat increased fatalities in cases cerebral and other forms severe malaria infections which parenteral artesunate monotherapy is the current drug choice. study aimed to investigate mouse model human whether trioxaquine chemically synthesized by covalent linking 4,7-dichloroquinoline pharmacophore through recent development approach termed 'covalent bitherapy' could improve curative outcomes infections.Human...
The status of chemotherapy as the main strategy in malaria control is rapidly being eroded by development drug resistant Plasmodia, causing to be dubbed a "re-emerging disease". To counter this misfortune, there an urgent need develop novel antimalarial drugs capable delaying resistance, or circumventing it altogether. Mode action drugs, inter alia, has bearing on their useful therapeutic lives (UTLs), with single target having short UTLs compared which possess pleiotropic action. Quinolines...