To investigate the antibacterial mechanism of carvacrol and thymol against Escherichia coli.The time-kill curve results showed that at 200 mg l(-1) could inhibit growth E. coli. Flow cytometry fluorescent dyes were used to explore effect two components on membrane permeability potential. In experiment, mean fluorescence intensity cells treated with or lower than nonexposed cells. The ratio red green DiOC2(3) reflected change Carvacrol caused red/green decreasing from 0.42 control 0.08 0.07,...

ABSTRACT: In this study, the antibacterial activities of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, carvacrol, and their combinations against E. coli were investigated separately. First, broth macro‐dilution assay was adopted to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 4 components. Second, combination testing performed using chequerboard method. Finally, combined effects evaluated with an improved method, which based on indices fractional (FIC) Effect Combination (EC) jointly. The results...

The aim of present work was to investigate the effect solid-state fermentation with filamentous fungi (Aspergillus oryzae var. effuses, Aspergillus oryzae, and niger) on total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, antioxidant activities four subfractions oat, namely, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol, water, compare them their corresponding unfermented oat. TPC flavonoids increased dramatically, especially in EA (p < 0.05). levels activity were also significantly enhanced highest found...

Background The high morbidity of metabolic dysfunction diseases has heightened interest in seeking natural and safe compounds to maintain optimal health. γ-Oryzanol (OZ), the ferulic acid (FA) ester with phytosterols, mainly present rice bran been shown improve markers syndrome. This study investigates effects FA OZ on alleviating high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced syndrome parameters. Methods Male SD rats were fed a regular rodent diet, HFFD, or HFFD supplemented 0.05% 0.16%...

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of genistein or puerarin on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in vivo and explore underlying mechanisms hepatoprotective effects. Mice were administered (0.3 mmol kg(-1) body weight) gastrically infused with 50% alcohol once per day for 5 weeks. Levels serum transaminases, hepatic lipids, antioxidant capacities, inflammation, apoptosis, histopathological sections analyzed. Results showed that exhibited similar effects ameliorating...

To identify synergistic combinations of different food additives, the antimicrobial effects thymol and carvacrol against Salmonella Typhimurium were assessed alone in combination with various other preservatives including EDTA, acetic acid, lactic citric acid. Overall, growth was significantly inhibited Mueller-Hinton broth containing thymol, carvacrol, or acid at concentrations 400 mg/liter, μl/liter, 300 0.2% (vol/vol), (wt/vol), respectively. The antimicrobials such as all resulted...

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity cinnamaldehyde, thymol and carvacrol alone or their combinations against Salmonella Typhimurium. results showed that lowest concentrations inhibiting growth S. Typhimurium significantly were 200, 400 mg/L, respectively. In a system combining different antimicrobials, treatments with cinnamaldehyde/thymol, cinnamaldehyde/carvacrol thymol/carvacrol revealed less population had synergy effect compared samples treated...

The purpose of the present work is to study pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects different subfractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol, and water) from ethanol extracts nonfermented fungi-fermented oats delineate interactions three primary phenolic acids in EA subfractions. subfraction showed highest effect on activity at 1.5 mg/mL compared other subfractions, regardless whether were fermented. Meanwhile, both two demonstrated more effective than that oats. A positive correlation...

Flavonoids often show inconsistent antioxidant activities (AAs) depending on the assay used. The electrochemical properties of 14 flavonoid standards in cyclic voltammetry [area under anodic wave (Q) and oxidant peak potentials (Epa)] structural parameters [bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) ionization potential (IP)] were investigated. They compared with results four spectrophotometric assays, namely, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR), ferric reducing ability...

Numerous studies have shown that anthocyanins usually better in vitro bioactivity than vivo bioactivity. This may be due to physiochemical degradation during gastrointestinal digestion and their poor bioavailability studies. Therefore, this study aims investigate the effects of anthocyanin structure on stability under simulated assess absorption intestines using Caco-2 human intestinal cell monolayers. The results show gastric does not significant affect blueberry terms composition...

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are vital for retinal health. However, they susceptible to injury with ageing and exposure excessive light, including UV (100–380 nm) visible (380–760 radiation. To evaluate the protective effect of blueberry anthocyanins on RPE cells, in vitro cell models replicative senescent light-induced damage were established present study. After purification fractionation, anthocyanin extracts (BAE) yielded total contents 31·0 ( sd 0·5) % used this Replicative...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and closely associated with metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance. (NAFL), also called simple steatosis, initial phase NAFLD, which accompanied characteristic pathological overaccumulation lipids without inflammation. To prevent NAFLD from reaching NAFL stage through dietary therapy, in present work, wild Chinese blueberries (Vacciniun spp.) were selected for their...

Scope Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) is a major anthocyanin in berries and potential nutritional supplement for preventing retinal degeneration. However, the protective mechanism of C3G its metabolites, protocatechuic acid (PCA) ferulic (FA), remain unclear. The molecular mechanisms metabolites against photooxidative damage vivo are investigated. Methods results Pigmented rabbits were orally administered C3G, PCA, FA (0.11 mmol/kg/day) 3 weeks. Electroretinography, histological analysis, TUNEL...

Excessive visible light exposure can induce damage to retinal cells and contribute the development or progression of age-related macular degeneration. In this study we created a model phototoxicity in pigmented rabbits. Furthermore, investigated protective effect bilberry anthocyanin extract (BAE, Table A1) explored possible mechanisms action model. The light-induced was established by rabbits exposed at 18,000 lx for 2 h, they were sacrificed on day 7. After administration BAE dosages 250...

Kombucha tea (KT), a traditional health beverage containing potential hepatoprotective agents, is fermented from sugared by symbiotic culture of yeast and bacteria for 8 days. However, the functional strains that produce components property KT remain unclear. Multiple are involved in production. Therefore, has not been standardized or produced commercially. This study aimed to identify quantify with effects kombucha tea.Gluconacetobacter sp. A4 was one microorganisms which D-saccharic...

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become one of the major global health problems, with augmented morbidity and mortality. Evidence indicates that flavonoids can reduce risk ALD owing to their biological properties. However, effect structurally different flavonoid subclasses on alleviating alcohol-induced damage in a same model never been studied. In this study, mice were supplemented five kinds subgroups, apigenin (flavone), quercetin (flavonol), naringenin (flavanone), (-)-epigallocatechin...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Traditional kombucha tea (TKT) is produced by mixed fungus. We previously proposed Gluconacetobacter sp. A4 as the key functional strain in culture, because it had strong ability to produce D ‐saccharic acid‐1,4‐lactone (DSL, a crucial component KT). This study investigated hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities of TKT modified KT (MKT, broth fermented single A4). RESULTS: In vitro , MKT, but not DSL equally increased radical scavenging effects inhibited low...