<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To characterize the development of ipsilateral corticospinal projections from birth and compare to 1) contralateral in same subjects 2) with unilateral lesions system acquired perinatally or adulthood. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Transcranial magnetic stimulation excited motor cortex, responses were recorded bilaterally pectoralis major, biceps brachii, first dorsal interosseus muscles. Subjects studied included 9 neonates recruited at birth, longitudinally for 2 years; 85...

Background and Purpose— Stroke often impairs gait thereby reducing mobility fitness promoting chronic disability. Gait is a complex sensorimotor function controlled by integrated cortical, subcortical, spinal networks. The mechanisms of recovery after stroke are not well understood. This study examines the hypothesis that progressive task-repetitive treadmill exercise (T-EX) improves in subjects with hemiparetic inducing adaptations brain (plasticity). Methods— A randomized trial determined...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects Small-Sided Games (SSG) vs. Interval Training (IT) in soccer training on aerobic fitness and physical enjoyment youth elite players during last 8 weeks season. Seventeen U-16 male (age = 15.5 ± 0.6 years, 8.5 years experience) a Spanish First Division club academy were randomized 2 different groups for 6 weeks: SSG group (n 9) IT 8). In addition usual technical tactical sessions competitive games, performed 11 with SSGs, whereas same...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) alters the motor performance of affected individuals. The dopaminergic denervation striatum, due to substantia nigra neuronal loss, compromises speed, automatism and smoothness movements PD patients. development a reliable tool for long-term monitoring symptoms would allow accurate assessment clinical status during different stages evaluation complications. Furthermore, it be very useful both routine care as well testing novel therapies. Within this context we have...

Parkinson's disease (PD) predominantly alters the motor performance of affected individuals. In particular, loss dopaminergic neurons compromises speed, automaticity and fluidity movements. As evolves, PD patient's motion becomes slower tremoric response to medication fluctuates along day. addition, presence involuntary movements deteriorates voluntary movement in advanced state disease. These changes can be detected by studying variation signals recorded accelerometers attached limbs belt...

The aim of this paper is to describe and present the results automatic detection assessment bradykinesia in motor disease patients using wireless, wearable accelerometers. current work related a module PERFORM system, FP7 project from European Commission, that aims at providing an innovative reliable tool, able evaluate, monitor manage suffering Parkinson's disease. procedure was carried out through developed C# library detects activities patient activity recognition algorithm classifies...

Abstract Stroke is one of the leading causes adult disability affecting millions people worldwide. Post‐stroke cognitive and motor impairments diminish quality life functional independence. There an increased risk having a second stroke developing secondary conditions with long‐term social economic impacts. With increasing number incidents, shortage medical professionals limited budgets, health services are struggling to provide care that can break vicious cycle stroke. Effective post‐stroke...

The changes in postural tremor of the hand produced by moderate cooling muscles one forearm have been investigated 16 normal subjects and patients with essential tremor. In both groups, a profound long lasting decrease level ipsilateral hand. subjects, although reduced size, EMG active muscle clearly increased. Warming limb an increase EMG. Cooling or warming did not, however, significantly change peak frequency which was quite stable for each subject. results were compared brief period...

Objective: To explore the value of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) as a predictive biomarker postoperative cardiovascular surgery. Methods: A prospective study 68 patients (0–15 years), submitted to open-heart surgery was conducted. NT-ProBNP and other biochemical clinical markers were measured preoperatively during first 48 hours. Results: preoperative reduced one hour after surgery, increased significantly later, remained without change between 12 hours...

The aim of this study is to compare the properties free-walking at a natural pace between mild Parkinson's disease (PD) patients during ON-clinical status and two control groups. In-shoe pressure-sensitive insoles were used quantify temporal force characteristics 5-min in 11 PD patients, 16 young healthy controls, 12 age-matched controls. Inferential statistics analyses performed on kinematic kinetic parameters groups' performances, whereas feature selection automatic classification identify...

L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) gene mutations are associated with X-linked 'recessive' neurological syndromes characterized by spasticity of the legs. L1CAM knock-out mice show hypoplasia corticospinal tract and failure axonal decussation projection beyond cervical spinal cord. The aim this study was to determine if similar neuropathology underlies spastic diplegia males hemizygous for mutations. Studies were performed on eight carrier females 10 males. Transcranial magnetic stimulation...

The changes in postural tremor of the hand and subsequent effect on shooting performance produced by moderate cooling heating forearm were studied six subjects. Cooling a large decrease size ipsilateral hand, whereas warming limb an increase size. or did not change peak frequency significantly, which was quite stable for each subject. improvement after forearm, as measured grouping pattern shots, reached statistical significance caused significant worsening. This measure shown to correlate...

Repetitive and alternating lower limb movements are a specific component of human gait. Due to technical challenges, the neural mechanisms underlying such have not been previously studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we present novel treadmill device employed investigate kinematics brain activation patterns involved in repetitive limbs. Once inside scanner, 19 healthy subjects were guided by two visual cues instructed perform motor task which both limbs while...

Ethanol reduces the size of essential tremor. We here show that, contrary to a recent report, ethanol also causes large decrease in physiological As case tremor, frequency is not changed. The reduction tremor probably explains well-known link between certain types skilled activity and alcohol consumption.

Abstract The central nervous system has the ability to adapt our locomotor pattern produce a wide range of gait modalities and velocities. In reacting external pacing stimuli, deviations from an individual preferred cadence provoke concurrent decrease in accuracy that suggests existence trade‐off between frequency precision; compromise could result specialization within control centers locomotion ensure stable transition optimal adaptation changing environment. Here, we explore neural...

Abstract Recent imaging studies with the stop-signal task in healthy individuals indicate that subthalamic nucleus, pre-supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus are key components of right hemisphere “inhibitory network”. Limited information is available regarding neural substrates inhibitory processing patients asymmetric Parkinson’s disease. The aim current fMRI study was to identify changes underlying deficient on predominantly left-sided Fourteen 23 controls performed a left...

The human brain undergoes structural and functional changes across the lifespan. study of motor sequence learning in elderly subjects is particularly interest since previous findings young adults might not replicate during later stages adulthood. present magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessed performance, activity connectivity patterns associated with late middle For this purpose, a total 25 were evaluated early [i.e., fast (FL)]. A subset these (n = 11) was after extensive practice slow...