A5101462359- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Trace Elements in Health
- Metallurgy and Material Science
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Helminth infection and control
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Health and Medical Studies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Hereditary Neurological Disorders
- Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus
- Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology
Veterinary Medicines Directorate
2001-2016
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2016
IDEXX Laboratories (Germany)
2014
Abstract Background Active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants has been an EU regulatory requirement since 2002. A number of European countries have subsequently reported cases atypical scrapie, similar to previously published from Norway, which pathological and molecular features distinct classical scrapie. Most occurred singly flocks, associated with genotypes considered be more resistant disease. Experimental transmissibility such isolates certain...
Breeding programmes to promote resistance classical scrapie, similar those for sheep in existing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) regulations, have not been established goats. The European Commission requested a scientific opinion from EFSA on the current knowledge of genetic TSE An evaluation tool, which considers both weight evidence and strength scrapie alleles goat
Within the framework of active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in sheep Sweden, 4 cases atypical form scrapie, Nor98, were identified during 2003. Nor98 is a recently recognized and poorly understood variant first described Norway. The positive by rapid test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse thin-granular cerebellar cortex. Western immunoblotting analysis specimens brain stem cerebellum light band approximately 12 kDa....
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) may have been transmitted to British sheep via contaminated feed in the 1980s. Strain-typing techniques based on immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of abnormal protein (PrP d ) and molecular analysis proteinase-resistant res by Western blotting (WB) can discriminate between natural or experimental scrapie BSE sheep. Between 1 January 1998 31 October 2001, 1247 sheep, clinically suspected scrapie, were found be positive statutory tests Great Britain....
In the wake of epidemic bovine spongiform encephalopathy British government established a flock sheep from which scrapie-free animals are supplied to laboratories for research. Three breeds carrying variety different genotypes associated with scrapie susceptibility/resistance were imported in 1998 and 2001 New Zealand, country regarded as free scrapie. They kept purpose-built Sheep Unit under strict disease security monitored clinically post mortem evidence It is emphasised that atypical...
In a consignment of sheep brains from New Zealand, to be used in Europe as negative control material scrapie rapid screening test evaluations, brain samples 1 (no. 1512) gave the following initially confusing results various tests: brainstem repeatedly produced 2 very similar kits (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]-1, ELISA-2), macerate made and cerebellum returned clearly positive result ELISA-2, sample third (ELISA-3). subsequent testing, tissue alone tested strongly ELISA-1...
Abstract To investigate the possibility of oral transmission atypical scrapie in sheep and determine distribution infectivity animals' peripheral tissues, we challenged neonatal lambs orally with scrapie; they were then killed at 12 or 24 months. Screening test results negative for disease-specific prion protein all but 2 recipients; had positive examination brain, tissues. Infectivity distal ileum, spleen from animals was assessed mouse bioassays; obtained tissues that on screening. These...
Immunohistochemistry for PrPSc is used widely in scrapie diagnosis. In natural cases the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) has revealed existence up to 12 different morphological types immunostained deposits. The significance this pattern variability relation genotype not been studied extensively disease. study we recorded detail patterns at obex level medulla oblongata from 163 animals derived 55 flocks which presented through passive surveillance UK and Italy. A strong association was seen...
Atypical scrapie was first identified in Norwegian sheep 1998 and has subsequently been many countries. Retrospective studies have cases predating the initial identification of this form scrapie, epidemiological indicated that it does not conform to behaviour an infectious disease, giving rise hypothesis represents spontaneous disease. However, atypical isolates shown be experimentally, through intracerebral inoculation transgenic mice sheep. The successful challenge a with 'field' from...
As there is limited information about the clinical signs of BSE and scrapie in goats, studies were conducted to describe progression goats evaluate a short protocol for its use detecting scrapie-affected two herds with previously confirmed cases. Clinical assessments carried out five intracerebrally infected agent as well reported suspects 346 subject cull from herds, 24 which retained further monitoring. The brain selected lymphoid tissue examined by postmortem tests disease...
Atypical scrapie is a relatively recent discovery, and it was unknown whether new phenomenon or had existed undetected in the United Kingdom national flock. Before 1998, routine statutory diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) sheep relied on presence TSE vacuolation brainstem. This method would not have been effective for detection atypical scrapie. Currently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) Western blot are commonly used differential classical The IHC pattern PrP d...
It is currently believed that primary transmission of classical scrapie to wild-type mice inefficient and characterized by low attack rates variable incubation periods lesion profiles. Consequently, strain characterization in these relies on subpassage. The aim this study was perform a retrospective analysis profiles immunohistochemistry patterns after large number sources investigate trends might be used characterize the agent without subpassaging. Scrapie field cases (n = 31) collected...
Apart from prion protein genotype, the factors determining host range and susceptiblity for specific transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents remain unclear. It is known that bovine atypical L-BSE can transmit to a of species including primates humanised transgenic mice. important, therefore, there as broad an understanding possible how such isolates might present in food animal robust they are on inter- intra-species transmission inform surveillance sytems risk assessments. This paper...
Abstract Background Although the epidemiology of scrapie has been broadly understood for many years, attempts to introduce voluntary or compulsory controls eradicate disease have frequently failed. Lack precision in defining risk factors on farm one challenges designing control strategies. This study attempted define which parts annual flock management cycle represented greatest infection naive lambs exposed environment at different times. Results In VRQ/VRQ infected sheep pasture during...
Histopathological and bacteriological examinations were performed on 178 brains from Sardinian sheep which showing neurological signs. The represented the total number of with syndromes submitted for diagnostic investigations over a three-year period in Sardinia. Scrapie was detected 57 cases, cerebrocortical necrosis 25, intoxication by typical Mediterranean plant (Cistus species) suspected coenurosis 11 Listeria monocytogenes eight cases focal symmetrical encephalomalacia six cases....
In 2005, a prion disease identified in goat from France was reported to be consistent with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent. Subsequent retrospective examination of UK scrapie cases led identification one potentially similar, but as yet unconfirmed, case Scotland. These findings strengthened concerns that small ruminant populations exposed BSE agent have become infected. The lack data relating specifically goats has been contributory past assumptions that, general, sheep and...
The European Commission asked EFSA whether the scientific data on 2-year intensified monitoring in atypical scrapie (AS) outbreaks (2013–2020) provide any evidence contagiousness of AS, and they added new knowledge epidemiology AS. An ad hoc set from 22 countries with index case/s AS sheep and/or goats (742 flocks 20 countries, 76 herds 11 countries) was analysed. No secondary cases were confirmed goat herds, while 35 28 eight countries. results calculated design prevalence a model...