A5080427948- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Trace Elements in Health
- Metallurgy and Material Science
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Sperm and Testicular Function
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- African history and culture analysis
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- RNA regulation and disease
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Microbial infections and disease research
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2016-2025
Veterinary Medicines Directorate
2004-2020
European Food Safety Authority
2020
École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse
2020
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta
2020
Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse
2020
University of Strathclyde
2018
University College London
2013
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
2013
Central Veterinary Research Laboratory
2011
Very low levels of somatic mitochondrial (mt)DNA deletions have been identified in the semen infertile men. It has suggested that these mutations cause infertility through an effect on sperm motility, but there no direct evidence to show mutant mtDNA can affect function. We carried out analysis a male harbouring A3243G mutation and high strongly correlate with motility.
The infectivity in tissues from cattle exposed orally to the agent of BSE was assayed by intracerebral inoculation cattle. In addition central nervous system and distal ileum at stages pathogenesis previously indicated mouse bioassay, traces were found palatine tonsil killed 10 months after exposure. Because may therefore be present throughout tonsils infected with , observations made anatomical histological distribution lingual root tongue Examinations tongues derived abattoirs Britain...
Abstract Background Active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants has been an EU regulatory requirement since 2002. A number of European countries have subsequently reported cases atypical scrapie, similar to previously published from Norway, which pathological and molecular features distinct classical scrapie. Most occurred singly flocks, associated with genotypes considered be more resistant disease. Experimental transmissibility such isolates certain...
The infectious agent associated with prion diseases such as ovine scrapie shows strain diversity. Ovine strains have typically been identified by their transmission properties in wild-type mice. However, typing of isolates mice may not reveal the they exist original host. This could be circumvented if are passaged protein (PrP)-transgenic study used incubation time, lesion profile, immunohistochemistry disease-associated PrP (PrP(Sc)) and molecular profile to compare range that emerged from...
Abstract Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that include variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie small ruminants, and bovine encephalopathy (BSE) cattle. Scrapie is not considered a public health risk, but BSE has been linked to disease. Small ruminants susceptible BSE, 2005 was identified farmed goat France. We confirm another case which originally diagnosed retrospectively as suspected BSE. The prion strain this further characterized...
Salmonella enterica is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen of significant public health concern. We have characterized the virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene content 95 isolates from 11 serovars by DNA microarray recovered UK livestock or imported meat. Genes encoding to sulphonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B)], streptomycin (strA, strB), aminoglycoside (aadA1, aadA2), beta-lactam (bla TEM), trimethoprim (dfrA17) were common. Virulence differed between serovars; S....
This study examines tissues from sequential-kill, time-course pathogenesis studies to refine estimates of the age at which disease-specific PrP (PrP(Sc)) can first be detected in central nervous system (CNS) and related peripheral ganglia cattle incubating bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Such are important for risk assessments these should removed slaughter prevent human animal exposure BSE infection. Tissues were examined dosed orally with 100 or 1 g BSE-infected brain. Incubation...
Abstract Objective Prions, the causative agent of scrapie in sheep, are extremely resistant to disinfection and can remain biologically active for years, which makes it challenging prevent re-infection susceptible animals on farms after a outbreak. The present study investigated effectiveness barn that previously housed scrapie-affected sheep as part husbandry infected farm. was decontaminated with sodium hypochlorite four times recommended exposure time. Two cohorts, consisting 25 21 prion...
ABSTRACT A more complete assessment of ovine prion strain diversity will be achieved by complementing biological typing in conventional and PrP transgenic mice with a biochemical analysis the resultant PrPSc. This provide correlation between phenotype molecular nature different conformers associated particular strains. Here, we have compared transmission characteristics ARQ/ARQ VRQ/VRQ scrapie isolates following primary passage tg338 (VRQ) tg59 (ARQ) mouse lines C57BL/6 ( Prnp ), RIII VM b...
Abstract To investigate the possibility of oral transmission atypical scrapie in sheep and determine distribution infectivity animals' peripheral tissues, we challenged neonatal lambs orally with scrapie; they were then killed at 12 or 24 months. Screening test results negative for disease-specific prion protein all but 2 recipients; had positive examination brain, tissues. Infectivity distal ileum, spleen from animals was assessed mouse bioassays; obtained tissues that on screening. These...
Abstract Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is the only animal prion which has been recognized as a zoonotic agent so far. The identification of BSE in two goats raised need to reliably identify small ruminants. However, our understanding scrapie strain diversity ruminants remains ill-defined, thus limiting accuracy surveillance and spreading fear that might lurk unrecognized goats. We investigated large panel European by novel experimental approach that, instead assessing...
Immunohistochemistry for PrPSc is used widely in scrapie diagnosis. In natural cases the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) has revealed existence up to 12 different morphological types immunostained deposits. The significance this pattern variability relation genotype not been studied extensively disease. study we recorded detail patterns at obex level medulla oblongata from 163 animals derived 55 flocks which presented through passive surveillance UK and Italy. A strong association was seen...
Abstract Background Given the theoretical proposal that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) could have originated from sheep scrapie, this study investigated pathogenicity for cattle, by intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation, of two pools scrapie agents sourced in Great Britain before and during BSE epidemic. Two groups ten cattle were each inoculated with brain material cases collected prior to 1975 after 1990. Control comprised five free saline, comparison BSE, naturally infected i.c....
Twenty-four atypical scrapie cases from sheep with different prion protein genotypes Great Britain were transmitted to transgenic tg338 and/or TgshpXI mice expressing PrP alleles, but failed transmit wild-type mice. Mean incubation periods 200-300 days in and 300-500 Survival times C57BL/6 VM/Dk >700 days. Western blot analysis of mouse brain samples revealed similar multi-band, protease-resistant (PrP(res)) profiles, including an unglycosylated band at approximately 8-11 kDa, which was...
Abstract Public and animal health controls to limit human exposure prions are focused on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), but other prion strains in ruminants may also have zoonotic potential. One example is atypical/Nor98 scrapie, which evaded statutory diagnostic methods worldwide until the early 2000s. To investigate whether sheep infected with scrapie could be another source of infection, we inoculated transgenic mice that overexpressed protein brain tissue from natural field...
ABSTRACT Preclinical sheep with the highly scrapie-susceptible VRQ/VRQ PRNP genotype secrete prions from oral cavity. In order to further understand significance of orally available prions, buccal swabs were taken a range genotypes and analyzed by serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA). Prions detected in scrapie-exposed linked high (VRQ/VRQ ARQ/VRQ) low (ARR/VRQ AHQ/VRQ) lymphoreticular system involvement scrapie pathogenesis. For both groups, level prion detection was...
Animal models have long been used in tuberculosis research to understand disease pathogenesis and evaluate novel vaccine candidates anti-mycobacterial drugs. However, all limitations there is no single animal model which mimics the aspects of mycobacterial seen humans. Importantly mice, most commonly model, do not normally form granulomas, hallmark infection. Thus an urgent need for development new alternative vivo models. The insect larvae, Galleria mellonella has increasingly as a...
Classical scrapie is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), a group fatal infectious diseases that affect central nervous system (CNS). can transmit laterally from ewe to lamb perinatally or between adult animals. Here we report detection infectivity in tissues an unborn fetus, providing evidence utero transmission classical also possible.
Abstract Primary isolation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in RIII mice generates a lesion profile believed to be reproducible and distinct from that produced by classical scrapie. This profile, which is characterized peaks at gray matter areas 1, 4 7 (dorsal medulla, hypothalamus septal nuclei), used diagnose BSE on primary isolation. The aim this study was investigate whether the agent could present sheep diagnosed with scrapie, using profiles as discriminatory method. Sixty‐two...
It is currently believed that primary transmission of classical scrapie to wild-type mice inefficient and characterized by low attack rates variable incubation periods lesion profiles. Consequently, strain characterization in these relies on subpassage. The aim this study was perform a retrospective analysis profiles immunohistochemistry patterns after large number sources investigate trends might be used characterize the agent without subpassaging. Scrapie field cases (n = 31) collected...
Two cases of unusual transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) were diagnosed on the same farm in ARQ/ARQ PrP sheep showing attributes both bovine (BSE) and scrapie. These cases, UK-1 UK-2, investigated further by transmissions to wild-type ovine transgenic mice. Lesion profiles (LP) primary isolation subpassage, incubation period (IP) disease, PrP(Sc) immunohistochemical (IHC) deposition pattern Western blot used characterize prions causing disease these sheep. Results showed that...