ABSTRACT Although the 38-kDa glycolipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is known to evoke prominent cellular and humoral immune responses in human (TB), little information about intracellular regulatory mechanisms involved antigen (Ag)-induced host responses. In this study, we found that purified activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [ERK1/2] p38) induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) interleukin 6 (IL-6) monocytes. When...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection leads to the induction of apoptotic response, which is associated with bacilli killing. The early secreted mycobacterial antigen ESAT‐6 Mtb has been shown induce apoptosis in human macrophages and epithelial cells. In present study, we demonstrate that stimulation A549 cells by induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We observed treatment increases intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, results ROS accumulation, therefore onset ER...

Background Apoptosis is thought to play a role in host defenses against intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), by preventing the release of components and spread mycobacterial infection. This study aims investigate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated apoptosis mycobacteria infected macrophages. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we demonstrate that ER stress-induced associated with Mtb H37Rv-induced cell death Raw264.7 murine We have shown H37Rv induced...

We previously demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tbc)-induced interleukin (IL)-12 expression is negatively regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathways in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). To extend these studies, we examined nature of involvement toll-like receptors (TLRs) intracellular signalling downstream from PI3K M. tbc-induced IL-23 MDMs. Akt activation were essentially dependent on TLR2....

Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA), a virulence factor involved in extrapulmonary dissemination and strong diagnostic antigen against tuberculosis, is both surface-associated secreted. The role of HBHA macrophages during M. infection, however, less well known. Here, we show that recombinant produced by smegmatis effectively induces apoptosis murine macrophages. DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, caspase activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage were...

Abstract Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) is a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and major causative pathogen pulmonary diseases especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. MAB infection notoriously difficult to treat because its intrinsic or inducible resistance most antibiotics. The rough (R) morphotype MAB, lacking cell surface glycopeptidolipids (GPLs), associated more severe persistent than the smooth (S) type; however, mechanisms underlying R type’s virulence relation GPLs...

Mycobacterial proteins interact with host macrophages and modulate their functions cytokine gene expression profile. The protein Rv0652 is abundant in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis K-strain, which belongs to the Beijing family, compared levels H37Rv CDC1551 strains. induces strong antibody responses patients active tuberculosis. We investigated pro-inflammatory production induced by murine roles signalling pathways. In RAW264.7 cells bone marrow-derived macrophages,...

Aims: To investigate the sporicidal mechanisms of microwave irradiation on Bacillus licheniformis spores. Methods and Results: We measured spore viability release DNA proteins, performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A oven (0·5 kW) was modified to output power at 2·0 kW, which allowed a shorter sterilization cycle. kW treatment boiling temperature for 1 min did not kill all spores, but killed most The inactivation rate faster than that 0·5 oven. In contrast treatments, resulted in...

Background and objectives: The genetic determinants for developing TB or having recurrent are unknown. present study investigated the relationship between susceptibility to tuberculosis human tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) interleukin‐10 genes (IL‐10). Methods: A case–control was conducted using two groups of cases—newly diagnosed (N‐TB) (R‐TB)—and a control group. Results: One hundred seventeen healthy controls, 80 newly patients 65 with were enrolled. There no significant difference in...

This study investigated the role of p21-activated kinase (PAK)-1 in progression head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).We examined PAK isoforms explored whether activation enhanced vitro invasion HNSCC line. We analyzed relationship between PAK1 expression various clinicopathological features effect overexpression on survival 119 patients with HNSCC.PAK1 PAK2 are predominantly expressed cells patient tissues. Particularly, makes dominant contribution to increase migration invasion....

Mycobacterium avium complex induces macrophage apoptosis. However, the M. components that inhibit or trigger apoptosis and their regulating mechanisms remain unclear. We recently identified immunodominant MAV2054 protein by fractionating culture filtrate multistep chromatography; this showed strong immuno-reactivity in pulmonary disease patients with tuberculosis. Here, we investigated biological effects of on murine macrophages. Recombinant induced caspase-dependent Enhanced reactive oxygen...

ABSTRACT The secreted 30-kDa antigen (Ag) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly stimulates Th1-type protective cytokine responses in healthy tuberculin reactors but not patients with active (TB). To examine the profiles attributable to Th1 suppression associated TB, interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and IL-10 production response a 30- or 32-kDa Ag 16 pulmonary TB 24 controls was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In patients, IL-12 p40, as well gamma interferon (IFN-γ),...

To investigate the microbicidal mechanisms of high-power microwave (2.0 kW) irradiation on Bacillus subtilis and to determine effect this procedure ultrastructure cell wall.We performed viability test, examined cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), measured release intracellular proteins nucleic acids. The inactivation rate B. by 2.0-kW was higher than that a domestic (0.5 kW). Few were released from either microwaved or boiled cells. However, leakage acids 2.0-kW-microwaved...

Abstract Recent studies have suggested that virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induce apoptosis in macrophages less often than do attenuated strains. K‐strain, which belongs to the Beijing family, is most frequently isolated clinical strain M. Korea. In this study, we investigated differential induction cell death human monocytic THP‐1 cells by K‐strain and H37Rv, a but laboratory‐adapted . Although no significant difference growth rate was observed between exposed those levels...

Abstract Macrophages are responsible for innate and adaptive immune response activation necessary eliminating infections. Optimal of macrophages to phagocytize Mycobacterium tuberculosis is critical in anti-mycobacterial defense. Here, we identified a novel Rv3463 hypothetical protein that induces macrophage Mtb culture filtrate. Recombinant activated mouse bone marrow-derived induce the expression surface molecules secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines via TLR2 TLR4 pathways. Mitogen kinase,...

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the well-known agents causing atopic dermatitis (AD) in susceptible individuals, and epidermidis epidermidis) produces class I thermostable bacteriocins that can selectively kill S. aureus, suggesting protective roles against AD. There a large need for developing precise therapies only to target not harm beneficial microbiome. On agar well diffusion assay, live planktonic showed clear zones inhibition growth, but heat-killed cells cell-free...

ABSTRACT The three proteins of the antigen 85 complex (85A, 85B, and 85C), which are major secretory products Mycobacterium tuberculosis , were purified to homogeneity in large amounts by a combination chromatography on hydroxylapatite, DEAE-Sepharose, DEAE-Sephacel gel filtration from M. culture filtrate. Then we examined immunological reactivity patients healthy controls. Antibody responses 85B 85A significantly greater than 85C protein. In contrast, all antigens induced significant...

SUMMARY This study investigated the profiles of IFN-γ and its regulatory cytokines (IL-12, IL-18 IL-10) in response to a purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 18 HIV-negative patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB), compared them those 19 healthy tuberculin reactors (HTR). ELISA results showed that following stimulation PPD, production was significantly reduced, whereas both IL-10 elevated MDRTB HTR. Three out greater than 4...

ABSTRACT Identification and characterization of serologically active mycobacterial antigens are prerequisites for the development diagnostic reagents. We examined humoral immune responses tuberculosis (TB) patients against Triton-soluble proteins extracted from Mycobacterium by immunoblotting. A 29-kDa protein reacted with immunoglobulin M (IgM) in pooled sera patients, its N-terminal amino acid sequence matched that heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA). Recombinant full-length HBHA was...

The survival mechanism of dormant tubercle bacilli is unknown; however, accumulating evidence indicates that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive and persist in hypoxic mildly acidic microenvironments. Such conditions are found the vacuoles macrophages, which M. known to target. We used DECAL (differential expression using customized amplification library) identify genes expressed under conditions, following cultivation H37Rv at an pH and/or or anoxic vitro. Of 960 clones analysed, 144...

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) induces innate immune responses through Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. We investigated the role of apoptosis‐regulating signal kinase (ASK) 1 in reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated induced by BCG mycobacterial infection. In macrophages, M. stimulation resulted rapid activation mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), secretion inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α interleukin (IL)‐6, ROS generation a TLR2‐...