A5031092662- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Occidental College
2011-2023
Uppsala University
2013
University of California, Los Angeles
1988-1992
University of California System
1989
ABSTRACT Objectives The microbiota-gut-brain axis is increasingly implicated in obesity, anxiety, stress, and other health-related processes. Researchers have proposed that gut microbiota may influence dietary habits, pathways through the make such a relationship feasible; however, few data bear on hypothesis. As first step development of model system, microbiome was examined rat lines selectively outbred taste phenotype with biobehavioral profiles diverged respect to energy regulation,...
Background activity of spinoreticular tract neurons in the T1-T4 segments was on average inhibited 80% by electrical stimulation nucleus raphe magnus. Nucleus magnus responses to somatic input produced touching skin and hair (innocuous stimulus) or pinching muscle (noxious stimulus). Inhibition noxious innocuous inputs not significantly different. during less effective when cells increased. This relationship consistent for both background input. visceral cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferent...
In many mammals, including humans and rats, acute starvation increases locomotor activity. This seemingly paradoxical potentially lethal behavior pattern may reflect an evolved, multisystem response to sudden threats metabolic homeostasis. The present study provides a novel test of this idea. Occidental High- (HiS) Low- (LoS) Saccharin-Consuming rats differ on the taste phenotype also some affective measures, which LoS score higher. Wheel running was measured in HiS with food available...
Mammals' affinity for sweet tastes exists alongside dramatic variation among species and individuals in responses to sweeteners. The present paper focused on consumption by Occidental High– (HiS) Low–Saccharin (LoS)-consuming rats 23-h 2-bottle tests of 2 sweeteners which few data from are available: SC45647 sucralose. Every HiS LoS rat preferred water at every concentration, with consuming it more avidly. Most sucralose one or concentrations; some most avoided concentration. However, both a...
Nearly all mammalian species like sweet-tasting foods and drinks, but there are differences in the degree of ‘sweet tooth’ both between among individuals same species. Some individual can be explained by genetic variability. Polymorphisms a sweet taste receptor (Tas1r3) account for large fraction consumption solutions inbred mouse strains. We wondered whether mice rats share Tas1r3 alleles, this gene might explain difference saccharin preference rats. conducted three experiments to test...
For social omnivores such as rats and humans, taste is far more than a chemical sense activated by food. By virtue of evolutionary epigenetic elaboration, associated with negative affect, stress vulnerability, responses to psychoactive substances, pain, judgment. A crucial gap in this literature, which spans behavior genetics, affective neuroscience, embodied cognition, concerns links between rats. Here we show that selectively bred for low saccharin intake are subordinate...
Cognitive factors and anticipation are known to influence food intake. The current study examined the effect of actual consumption on hormone (ghrelin, cortisol, insulin) glucose levels, appetite ad libitum intake, assess whether changes in levels might explain predicted differences subsequent intake.During four breakfast sessions, participants consumed a yogurt preload that was either low caloric (LC: 180 kcal/300 g) or high (HC: 530 provided with consistent inconsistent calorie information...
When, where, and how much animals eat are influenced by food scarcity risk of predation. The present study concerned the mediation risk-related feeding patterns emotion. Occidental Lowsaccharin- consuming (LoS) High-saccharin-consuming (HiS) rats, which differ in both ingestion emotionality, were studied three steady-state paradigms: an "open economy" procedure (discrete session cyclic-ratio operant schedule) two "closed procedures (meal patterning, free with running wheel access)....
Abstract: Haloperidol‐induced dopamine (DA) release and metabolism were studied in the rat striatum at 10–11, 21–22, 35–36 days of age using intracerebral dialysis HPLC with electrochemical detection. There was an age‐related increase basal DA extracellular levels 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) homovanillic (HVA), greatest increases occurring between 10–11 21–22 age. Haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased each compared to control. Also, haloperidol produced a greater...
Behavioral responses to sweeteners have been used study the evolution, mechanisms, and functions of taste. Occidental low high saccharin consuming rats (respectively, LoS HiS) selectively outbred on basis intake are a valuable tool for studying variation among individuals in sweetener its correlates. Relative HiS rats, consume smaller amounts all nutritive nonnutritive tested date, except aspartame. The lines also differ commercial product Splenda; roles sucralose saccharides difference...
Naïve humans and rats voluntarily consume little ethanol at concentrations above ~6% due to its aversive flavor. Developing procedures that boost intake of or ethanol-paired flavors facilitates research on neural mechanisms ethanol-associated behaviors helps identify variables modulate outside the lab. The present study explored impact consumption nutritionally significant parametric variations: vehicle (gelatin solution, with without polycose); concentration (4% 10%); feeding status (chow...
Taste signals food quality and reflects energy status associated processes. Occidental high- low-saccharin consuming rats (HiS, LoS) have been selectively bred for nearly 60 generations on intake of 0.1% saccharin in a 23-h two-bottle test, as tool studying individual differences taste its correlates the domains feeding, defensive, social behavior. The phenotype itself has not well characterized until now. present series parametric studies examined suprathreshold concentration-intake...