A5055135761- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Foot and Ankle Surgery
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Sex work and related issues
- Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
St George's, University of London
2016-2018
St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2016-2017
University College London
2004-2016
Imperial College London
2010-2012
The Royal Free Hospital
2004-2011
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
1999-2005
University of Connecticut
2003
Hammersmith Hospital
2003
St Stephen’s AIDS Trust
1999
Elton John AIDS Foundation
1999
Objective: A number of discordant couples, in whom the man is HIV positive and woman negative, wish to have children. To conceive they must abandon protected sex, posing a risk transmission so child. In such circumstances purification spermatozoa (‚sperm-washing‚) inseminate artificially has been proposed as method reducing transmission. Here we evaluate whether this does represent true reduction. Methods: Semen samples from HIV-positive patients were separated into spermatozoa, non-sperm...
Abstract Oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression is increased before the onset of labor in all models parturition. However, mechanisms responsible for increase OTR are uncertain. Animal data suggest that uterine stretch increases mRNA expression. In primary cultures human smooth muscle cells obtained from nonpregnant (NP) women and pregnant (NL) after (L) labor, we investigated effect on DNA binding activator protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer protein (C/EBP)β, nuclear factor-κB transcription...
Rationale: Tuberculosis progresses despite potent Th1 responses. A putative explanation is the simultaneous presence of a subversive Th2 response. However, interpretation confounded by interleukin 4δ2 (IL-4δ2), splice variant and inhibitor IL-4. Objective: To study levels mRNA encoding IL-4 IL-4δ2, their relationship to treatment clinical parameters, in cells from lung lavage blood patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: IFN-γ, IL-4, soluble CD30 (sCD30) were measured polymerase chain...
There has been a long history of defining T cell epitopes to track viral immunity and design rational vaccines, yet few data this type exist for bacterial infections. Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent anthrax, is both an endemic pathogen in many regions potential biological warfare threat. naturally infected anthrax patients not previously characterized, which surprising given concern about ability toxins subvert or ablate adaptive immunity. We investigated CD4 responses from Kayseri...
It has been clearly demonstrated that in vitro , virulent M. tuberculosis can favor necrosis over apoptosis infected macrophages, and this suggested as a mechanism for evading the host immune response. We recently reported an effect consistent with hypothesis could be observed cells from blood of TB patients, paper, we review what is known about evasion strategies employed by particular consider possible interaction apoptosis-inhibiting effects infection another factor (IL-4) whose...
Total ankle replacement (TAR) or arthrodesis (fusion) is the main surgical treatments for end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). The popularity of increasing while fusion rates remain static. Both have efficacy but to date all studies comparing 2 been observational without randomisation, and there are no published guidelines as most appropriate management. TAR versus (TARVA) trial aims compare clinical cost-effectiveness against in treatment OA patients aged 50-85 years.TARVA a multicentre...
Abstract Human and mouse studies indicate that TLRs are important in mycobacterial infections. We investigated TLR gene expression fresh unstimulated blood bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis using a well-validated, real-time PCR. A human splice variant of TLR1, designated hsTLR1, was found all donors tested. hsTLR1 mRNA lacks exon 2, which is 77-bp region the 5′-untranslated region, but contains same coding sequence as TLR1. Compared matched controls, whole had...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the world's deadliest pathogens in part because its ability to persist face an active immune response. It has been suggested that apoptosis infected macrophages is way which host deals with intracellular and M. can inhibit this process. To assess relevance process for human disease, we compared expression multiple genes involved activation extrinsic ("death receptor initiated") pathway 29 patients, 70 contacts 27 community controls from Ethiopia. We...
Background: Correcting the Th2 shift in HIV/AIDS represents a potential intervention strategy. However data on interleukin (IL)-4 expression HIV or AIDS are un-interpretable because of failure to distinguish between IL-4 and its splice variant natural antagonist, IL-4δ2. Objective: To determine Th1 [interferon (IFN)-γ], IL-4δ2 (IL-4) whole blood lung lavage from healthy volunteers HIV–tuberculosis (TB) co-infection. Design: Cross-sectional with prospective cohort. Methods: Expression IL-4δ2,...
Abstract Background NOD2, an intracellular pathogen recognition sensor, modulates innate defences to muropeptides derived from various bacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Experimentally, NOD2 attenuates two key putative mycobactericidal mechanisms. TNF-α synthesis is markedly reduced in MTB-antigen stimulated-mononuclear cells expressing mutant proteins. agonists also induce resistance apoptosis, and may thus facilitate the survival of MTB infected macrophages. To...
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a cause of pain and disability affecting both athletes sedentary individuals. More than 150 000 people in the UK every year suffer from AT.While there much preclinical work on use stem cells tendon pathology, scarcity clinical data looking at mesenchymal to treat disease does not appear be any studies autologous cultured (MSCs) for AT. Our hypothesis that culture expanded MSCs implanted into an area mid-portion AT will lead improved pain-free mechanical...
Abstract The development of molecules specific for M. tuberculosis -infected cells has important implications, as these tools may facilitate understanding the mechanisms regulating host pathogen interactions in vivo . In addition, new capable to targeting have potential applications diagnosis, treatment, and prevention (TB). Due lack CD1b polymorphism, lipid-CD1b complexes could be considered universal infection markers. aim present study was display on PIII surface protein m13 phage, a...
The development of new tools capable targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells have potential applications in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention tuberculosis. In Mtb-infected cells, CD1b molecules present Mtb lipids to the immune system (Mtb lipid-CD1b complexes). Because lack polymorphism, specific complexes could be considered as universal infection markers. 2-Stearoyl-3-hydroxyphthioceranoyl-2'-sulfate-α-α'-d-trehalose (Ac2SGL) is for Mtb, not other mycobacterial...