Abstract: Septic shock, the most severe problem of sepsis, is a lethal condition caused by interaction pathogen‐induced long chain sequential intracellular events in immune cells, epithelium, endothelium, and neuroendocrine system. The effects septic shock are associated with production release numerous pro‐inflammatory biochemical mediators including cytokines, nitric oxide toxic oxygen nitrogen radicals, together development massive apoptosis. As melatonin has remarkable properties as...

Since melatonin was first isolated in 1958 up to the last few years, this substance considered a hormone exclusive pineal gland. Although has lately been identified large number of extrapineal sites, its potential biological actions have not yet studied. This paper shows that human lymphocyte-synthesized plays crucial role modulating IL-2/IL-2 receptor system because when blocking biosynthesis by tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, parachlorophenylalanine, both IL-2 and levels fell, restoring...

In the present work we analyze by reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction, cDNA cloning, and sequence analysis expression of membrane melatonin receptors in rat thymus spleen. Results show, for first time, that receptor mRNA is expressed both Moreover, was all lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, double positive, negative, B cells) studied from thymus. The Southern blot with probe data also showed identity DNA fragments thymus, spleen, studied. amplified brain, spleen share...

Abstract: Melatonin modulates a wide array of physiological events with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. While relevance specific melatonin membrane receptors has been well established for several biological functions, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) suggested as mediator nuclear signalling by results obtained from pharmacological approaches. However, melatonin-mediated downstream effect cannot be ruled out, and further evidence is needed to support direct...

Abstract C cells are primarily known for producing calcitonin, a hypocalcemic and hypophosphatemic hormone. Nevertheless, besides their role in calcium homeostasis, may be involved the intrathyroidal regulation of follicular cells, suggesting possible interrelationship between two endocrine populations. If this premise is true, massive changes induced by different agents activity also affect calcitonin‐producing cells. To investigate behaviour those circumstances, we have experimentally...

Thyroid C cells, or parafollicular are mainly known for producing calcitonin, a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis with hypocalcemic and hypophosphatemic effects. Classically, the main endocrine activity of this cell population has been believed to be restricted its roles serum bone metabolism. Nonetheless, last few years evidence accumulating literature regard local regulatory peptides secreted by such as somatostatin, ghrelin, thyrotropin releasing recently described cocaine-...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects melatonin on proinflammatory status rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA induced in male Wistar an emulsion type II collagen Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (C-II/FIA). For 14 days, control and pinealectomized received a subcutaneous injection 100 microL (30 microg) or vehicle (saline 1% ethanol). Levels cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta IL-6 were determined serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, joints. anti-type antibody,...

In this study, the effect of chronic administration melatonin on MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice has been studied. These spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease that many features resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus. fact, histological studies showed all female and most male exhibited glomerular abnormalities, arteritic lesions, cellular interstitial inflammatory infiltrate ranging from mild to severe patterns. Treatment with improved pattern in females worsened it males. Moreover,...

Melatonin is an indoleamine with a wide spectrum of biological activities other than transmitting photoperiod information, including antioxidant, oncostatic, anti-aging and immunomodulatory properties. Although melatonin synthesized mainly in the pineal gland, tissues have same capacity. In present study, we examined whether two key enzymes biosynthesis, arylalkylamine Nacetyltransferase (AANAT) hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) its receptor MT₁ are expressed endocrine thyroid cells...

This study was designed to investigate the effect of melatonin on fatty acid composition plasma and tissue lipids. Melatonin administration rats fed with a standard diet only increased long-chain n-6 polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) in total lipids liver phospholipids but induced significant changes hypercholesterolemic rats. In plasma, palmitoleic oleic n-3 PUFA decreased rats; theses were reversed by administration. The analysis lipid fractions revealed that cholesteryl ester fraction affected...

Primary cilia (PC) are conserved structures in the adult thyroid gland of different mammals. It was recently described that humans, PC usually present as a single copy per follicular cell emerging from apex into lumen.To understand role developed by hormonogenesis better, their changes human functional diseases (diffuse toxic hyperplasia/Graves' disease [GD] and nodular hyperplasia [NH]/nodular goiter), comparison to normal tissue, were investigated using immunofluorescence, morphometry,...

Abstract Since their discovery in different human tissues by Zimmermann 1898, primary cilia have been found the vast majority of cell types vertebrates. Primary are considered to be cellular antennae that occupy an ideal location for interpretation information both from environment and other cells. To date, mammalian thyroid gland, thyrocytes humans dogs (fetuses adults) rat embryos. The present study investigated whether existence this organelle follicular cells is a general event postnatal...

Summary This study was designed to investigate the histologic changes in goitrogen‐induced thyroid growth of rat. The animals were orally treated by 1 % potassium perchlorate except controls and sacrificed intervals ranging from 12 months. weight increased progressively along treatment after 2 months showed a diffuse homogeneous hypertrophy hyperplasia follicular cells, decreased amount colloid vascularity. After sixth month true nodules appeared with complex morphology.

Abstract The present histometric study is on thyroid glands of Wistar rats ranging in age from 0 to 120 days. mean volume one lobe the 4‐month‐old animals was some 22‐, 10‐, 5‐, and 3‐fold greater, respectively, than volumes newborn, 30‐day‐old rats. At 4 months length 3 times greater at birth. volumetric fractions (Vv) different histological components (follicular cells, C‐cells, colloid, interstitial tissue) changed considerably course development. Vv follicular cells diminished 61.4%...

This paper presents the results of investigations into mitotic rates thyroid endocrine cells in normal postnatal rats, aged 1-120 days. Our study revealed considerable age-dependent shifts mean activity follicular and C-cells. The maximum indices cell renewal were reached during first 10 days life, decreasing gradually significantly until 25 At 1 month, there was a significant recuperation division rate for both types, which declined adult rat. These that proliferation C-cells is inversely...

The authors carried out a histochemical study with lectins (Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I [UEA-I], Triticum vulgaris [WGA], Glycine max [SBA], Dolichos biflorus [DBA], and Arachis hypogaea [PNA]) in different thyroid gland conditions (17 benign nodular goiters, three diffuse hyperplasias, five Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 20 follicular adenomas, 14 well-differentiated papillary carcinomas, 30 normal thyroids) order to determine if specific lectin patterns are developed during neoplastic...