In X-ray focusing, grazing incidence mirrors offer advantages of no chromatic aberration and high focusing efficiency. Although nanofocusing have been developed for the hard region, there is mirror with performance in soft region. Designing a system ability to focus beam size smaller than 100 nm at an energy less 1 keV requires numerical aperture larger 0.01. This leads difficulties fabrication accuracy. Ellipsoidal enable aperture. this study, we report production process ellipsoidal...

Soft x-ray spectro-ptychography is a high-resolution chemical state imaging technique and has significant potential for the analysis of light-element-rich samples such as biological cells. We measured hyperspectral images whole mammalian neuronal cell at nitrogen oxygen absorption edges with soft x rays using achromatic ptychography system CARROT developed SPring-8 BL07LSU. visualized classified intracellular structures based on difference states, which are difficult to recognize in...

An x-ray ellipsoidal mirror is an ideal tool for focusing soft x-rays. Because nanometer-level shape accuracy required in the internal surface of a having small diameter, it difficult to fabricate by processing directly. We developed fabrication process mirrors which high-precision quartz mandrel with inverted designed replicated nickel sulfamate electroforming. In this study, 40-mm length was fabricated and evaluated measurement method using contact probe. The root mean square (RMS)...

Ellipsoidal mirrors are promising optical devices for soft x-ray focusing. A fabrication process consisting of master and replication has been developed to produce ellipsoidal with wide apertures approximately 10 mm. In the present study, focusing performance an mirror was evaluated using x-rays in beamline BL25SU-a SPring-8. The focus sizes were measured at photon energies 300, 400, 500 eV. quantitative figure error also by analyzing wavefield focused beam retrieved ptychography....

A focusing optics that can provide a sub-micrometre high-flux probe for soft X-ray micrometre-scale angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is proposed. monolithic Wolter-type mirror with large acceptance, achromatism and small comatic aberration was designed evaluated. focused beam size of 0.4 µm (vertical) × 4 (horizontal), high throughput 59% tolerance 1.6 mrad to the pitching error were realized at photon energy 1000 eV. be practically employed as stable in ARPES applications.

A soft X-ray ptychography system using a Wolter mirror for the illumination optics has been developed. By taking advantage of achromaticity optics, is capable seamlessly imaging at half-period resolution 50 nm with broad photon-energy range from 250 eV to 2 keV while maintaining focal position. Imaging mammalian cell various wavelengths was demonstrated, and high-resolution visualization organelle achieved. Stereo also performed long working distance 20 mm. In combination in-situ/operando...

The monolithic Wolter mirror is an ideal optical device for focusing soft x rays to a submicron-sized spot, with the advantages of high efficiency, large acceptance, achromaticity, and robustness alignment error. fabrication process this type has not been established because difficulty in highly accurate figure measurement free-form surfaces small radii curvature steep profiles. In study, we employed tactile scanning surface characterization fabricate high-precision mirror. First, it was...

Abstract Nanoscale soft-X-ray microscopy is a powerful analysis tool in biological, chemical, and physical sciences. To enhance its probe sensitivity leverage multimodal microscopy, precise achromatic focusing devices, which are challenging to fabricate, essential. Here, we develop an ultracompact Kirkpatrick-Baez (ucKB) mirror, ideal for the high-performance nanofocusing of broadband-energy X-rays. We apply our advanced fabrication techniques short-focal-length strategy realize...

Soft X-ray transmission microscopy is a powerful tool for visualizing cellular structures due to the natural contrast between organic material and water, but radiation damage has hindered its application living cells. We have developed soft microscope using femtosecond pulse illumination generated by free electron laser, with which structural change of cells caused negligible. Employing Wolter mirrors objective optics allowed us perform imaging large field view, enabling observation...

The focusing of x rays is essential in various types x-ray microscopy because the size and flux illuminating beam determine spatial resolution signal intensity, respectively. A system with grazing incidence mirrors allows highly efficient ray dimensions on nanometer scale. Tube-shaped a large numerical aperture high demagnification, including ellipsoidal Wolter mirrors, have recently been developed for soft nanofocusing. However, these low efficiency they cannot focus central part...

We developed a copper electroforming replication (CER) process to fabricate precise ellipsoidal mirrors for soft x-ray focusing. Some applications of in microscopy require that all components are close samples, including the mirrors, made non-magnetic materials. In this study, mirror was fabricated by replicating figured and super-polished quartz glass mandrel using an technique. It found CER has high accuracy 8 nm. The focusing performance characterized free-electron laser with photon...

This paper presents nanometer-scale production and metrology methods for elliptic-cylindrical x-ray mirrors with an unprecedentedly small tangential radius of curvature 160 mm. Sub-millimeter-scale figure correction is conducted based on dynamic stencil deposition. The deposition flux through one or two shadow masks examined by a comparison to simple model. masked distribution improved, leading film thickness profiles that are 50 times sharper in terms aspect ratio than those obtained using...

The scanning magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) method was developed by using a soft x-ray free-electron laser to visualize magnetic microstructures with element-selectivity. For focusing optics of x-rays, an ellipsoidal mirror achromatic property utilized obtain resonant MOKE spectra for various elements simple experimental setup. We performed experiment at Fe M-edge spatial resolution 7 μm. This system is readily applicable ultrafast experiments combined synchronized optical spintronics research.

It is possible to achieve soft X-ray nanofocusing with a high efficiency and no chromatic aberration by using an ultraprecise ellipsoidal mirror. Surface figure metrology key in the improvement of surface accuracy. In this study, we propose ptychographic phase retrieval method visible light laser measure error profile We introduce simple experimental system for demonstrate basic performance proposed system. Obtainable wavefront information provides both alignment mirror that yield best...

Abrasive machining has been used for inner surface processing of various hollow components. In this study, we applied an in-air fluid jet as a precision method the axisymmetric x-ray mirror whose diameter was less than 10 mm. We employed abrasive with polyurethane@silica core-shell structure, which low density about 1.2 g/cm3 and relatively large particle size 15 µm. By using abrasive, practical removal rate smooth machined were simultaneously obtained. performed figure corrections improved...

We developed a compact system for the spectroscopic mapping of microstructure with nano-focused beam at soft X-ray beamline synchrotron radiation. The experimental setup comprises Wolter mirror and sample that are arranged two mounting stages. is aligned three degrees freedom, degrees. generates an 800-nm spot maps out chemical distribution non-uniform material through near-edge fine structure spectroscopy. design actual suited to experiments conducted beamlines radiation or free-electron...

Mirrors are key devices for creating various systems in optics. Focusing X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light requires mirror surfaces with an extremely high accuracy. The figure of ellipsoidal is obtained by rotating elliptical profile, using such a mirror, soft EUV can be focused to dimensions on the order nanometers without chromatic aberration. Although theoretical performance mirrors high, fabrication ideal remains problematic. Based this background, we have been working develop...

Focused vortex beams are characterized in terms of their intensity and phase using an iterative retrieval method. The generated by a plate contain several singularities distributions. wavefields were retrieved many far-field diffraction profiles obtained scanning pinhole along the focal plane. distributions agreed well with those predicted actual plates, which indicates that method can be used for precise characterization beams. information is valuable improving performance methods involving...

Mirrors used in synchrotron radiation facilities can reflect X-ray beams ideally owing to recent advancements ultraprecise fabrication technologies. Flat mirrors change the direction of an beam without distorting its wavefront. Elliptically figured focus X-rays onto a spot with nanometer dimensions. The intensity distribution reflected is determined, and thus be controlled, by shape employed mirror. This study proposes, fabricates, evaluates ring-focusing mirror that produce ring-shaped...

Ellipsoidal mirrors are ideal focusing optics for soft x-rays because of advantages that include high numerical aperture, efficiency, and no chromatic aberrations. Shape accuracy nanometer order is required on the internal surface a mirror with diameter around 10 mm. Because difficulty processing surface, ellipsoidal fabricated by replication shapes master mandrels. In previous studies, fabrication process was developed x-ray involving mandrel nickel electroforming. 40-mm-long were focused...

Abstract A microfluidic device was developed for coherent diffraction imaging using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL-CDI). Liquid samples, which are separately packed in reservoirs of the device, mixed a flow channel after XFEL irradiation as trigger. An XFEL-CDI experiment conducted and images gold nanoparticles solution were obtained with resolution several nanometers from single-shot patterns. We able to capture various structures channel, clearly demonstrating function device. The...

Single-shot imaging with femtosecond X-ray lasers is a powerful measurement technique that can achieve both high spatial and temporal resolution. However, its accuracy has been severely limited by the difficulty of applying conventional noise-reduction processing. This study uses deep learning to validate noise reduction techniques, autoencoders serving as model. Focusing on diffraction patterns nanoparticles, we simulated large dataset treating nanoparticles composed many independent atoms....

Single-shot imaging with femtosecond X-ray lasers is a powerful measurement technique that can achieve both high spatial and temporal resolution. However, its accuracy has been severely limited by the difficulty of applying conventional noise-reduction processing. This study uses deep learning to validate noise reduction techniques, autoencoders serving as model. Focusing on diffraction patterns nanoparticles, we simulated large dataset treating nanoparticles composed many independent atoms....