Edited by Louis J. Ignarro, University of California, Los Angeles School Medicine, Angeles, CA, and approved August 27, 2001 (received for review May 16, 2001)

Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS), its cellular NOS isoform, and the effects of mitochondrially produced NO on bioenergetics have been controversial since mtNOS was first proposed in 1995. Here we functionally demonstrate presence a cardiac mitochondria. This accomplished by direct porphyrinic microsensor measurement Ca 2+ -dependent production individual mitochondria isolated from wild-type mouse hearts. could be inhibited antagonists or protonophore collapse mitochondrial...

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the regulation of lower urinary tract. However, source(s) NO production bladder (UB) not determined. Accordingly, we used a porphyrinic microsensor placed on surface UB strips vitro to directly measure endogenous production. The afferent neurotoxin, capsaicin, and mixed alpha/beta-adrenergic agonist, norepinephrine (NE), both evoked transient (1-3 s) release (range 50 nM 1.4 microM). Adrenergic-mediated was decreased following denervation but...

ATP can be released from a variety of cell types by mechanical stimulation; however, the mechanism for this release and influence pathology are not well understood. The present study examined intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in swelling-evoked (exposure to hypotonic solution) urothelial cells normal cats diagnosed with interstitial cystitis (feline cystitis; FIC). Using luciferin-luciferase bioluminescent assay, we demonstrate that is significantly elevated FIC cells. In both...

Although the function of metallothionein (MT), a 6- to 7-kDa cysteine-rich metal binding protein, remains unclear, it has been suggested from in vitro studies that MT is an important component intracellular redox signaling, including being target for nitric oxide (NO). To directly study interaction between and NO live cells, we generated fusion protein consisting sandwiched two mutant green fluorescent proteins (GFPs). In with this chimera (FRET-MT) demonstrate resonance energy transfer...

We have investigated the intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying release of nitric oxide (NO) evoked by beta-adrenoceptor (AR) agonists in urinary bladder strips and cultured urothelial cells from adult rats. Reverse transcription-PCR revealed that inducible NO synthase endothelial NOS but not neuronal genes were expressed cells. both was decreased (37-42%) absence extracellular Ca2+ (100 microm EGTA) ablated after incubation with BAPTA-AM (5 microm) or caffeine (10 mm), indicating...

Abstract Shear stress causes the vascular endothelium to release nitric oxide (NO), which is an important regulator of tone. However, direct measurement NO after imposition laminar flow has not been previously accomplished because chemical (oxidative degradation) and physical (diffusion, convection, washout) complications. Consequently, mechanism, time course, kinetics, Ca 2+ dependence due shear remain incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized these parameters by using fura 2...

Increased gap junction expression in lamina propria myofibroblasts and urothelial cells may be involved detrusor overactivity, leading to incontinence. Immunohistochemistry was used compare connexin (Cx) 26, 43, 45 the bladders of neonatal, adult, spinal cord-transected rats, while optical imaging map spread spontaneous activity effects blockade. Female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were deeply anesthetized, a laminectomy performed, cord transected (T8/T9). After 14 days, their those age-matched...

The ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 4 can be activated by hypo-osmolarity, heat, or certain lipid compounds. Here, we demonstrate expression of functional TRPV4 protein in the urothelium lining renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Exposure cultured rat urothelial cells from bladder to TRPV4-selective agonist 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4alpha-PDD) promoted Ca2+ influx, evoked ATP release, augmented release hypo-osmolarity. In awake rats during...

Although nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in both the central and peripheral nervous systems play a prominent role control of urinary bladder function, little is known regarding expression or function epithelium, urothelium. Nicotinic have been described epithelial cells lining upper gastrointestinal tract, respiratory skin. Thus present study examined functionality urothelium, as well effects stimulation on micturition reflex. mRNA for α 3 , 5 7 β 4 subunits was identified rat urothelial...

This study examined the origin of spontaneous activity in neonatal and adult rat bladders effect stretch muscarinic agonists antagonists on activity. Rats were anesthetized their excised, cannulated, loaded with voltage- Ca(2+)-sensitive dyes. Intracellular Ca(2+) membrane potential transients mapped using photodiode arrays whole bladders, bladder sheets, or cross-section preparations at 37 degrees C. Intravesical pressure was recorded from bladders. In electrical signals arose a site near...

To clarify the lower urinary tract function in mice, we compared bladder and urethral activity between rats mice with or without spinal cord injury (SCI). Female Sprague-Dawley C57BL/6N were divided into five groups:1) intact (SI) rats,2) SI mice,3) pudendal nerve transection (PNT) mice,4) (SCI) rats, 5) SCI mice. Continuous cystometry (CMG) external sphincter (EUS)-electromyogram (EMG) analyses conducted under an awake, restrained condition. During voiding contractions, animals exhibited...

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in endogenous control of myocardial contractility. However, NO release not yet demonstrated cardiac myocytes. Accordingly, production was measured with a porphyrinic microsensor positioned on the surface individual neonatal or adult rat ventricular myocytes ( n > 6 and cells per experiment). In beating myocytes, there no detectable spontaneous each contraction. norepinephrine (NE; 0.25–1 μM) elicited transient from (149 ± 11 to 767 83 nM NO)...

Abstract Guinea pig hearts were stained with a voltage-sensitive dye and imaged on photodiode array to record fluorescent action potentials (APs) from 124 sites. Activation repolarization patterns recorded the epicardium during stimulation at different loci correlated underlying fiber architecture. Endocardial APs by inserting light guide into ventricular cavity or dissecting out free wall expose endocardium. In paced right atrium simulate sinus rhythm, activation emerged synchronously over...

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Nov 1997DMSO: EFFECT ON BLADDER AFFERENT NEURONS AND NITRIC OXIDE RELEASE Lori A. Birder, Anthony J. Kanai, and William C. de Groat BirderLori Birder , KanaiAnthony Kanai GroatWilliam View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64199-5AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: Interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic...

BACKGROUND In single heart cells, abrupt changes in stimulation rate elicit complex alterations repolarization. The effects of change on dispersion repolarization, however, have not been well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the cycle length (CL) shortening spatial inhomogeneity repolarization a syncytium ventricular 124 action potentials were simultaneously recorded from Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts using high-resolution optical mapping with voltage-sensitive dye....

The effects of subthreshold stimulation (STS) delivered during right atrial pacing and ventricular tachycardia (VT) were investigated in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts. hearts stained with a voltage-sensitive dye (RH 421) to map the propagation optical action potentials. Sustained VT was reliably induced by 5-second trains (cycle length [CL], 25 50 milliseconds; duration, 0.5 10 voltage, 2x threshold voltage) impulses (n = 12 hearts) or single premature beat 6). location extrastimuli...

Bladder suburothelial myofibroblasts may modulate both sensory responses from the bladder wall and spontaneous activity. This study aimed to characterize further these cells in their response exogenous agents implicated mediating above Detrusor strips, with or without mucosa, isolated were prepared guinea pig bladders. Isometric tension, intracellular Ca(2+), membrane current recorded. Cell pairs formed by pushing two together. Tension, potential also recorded sheets using normal spinal...

Afferent nerve firing has been linked to spontaneous bladder contractions in a number of lower urinary tract pathologies and it may lead urgency incontinence. Using optical mapping, single unit recording tension measurements we investigated the correlation between afferent spinal cord transected mice.Bladder-nerve preparations (bladder sheets associated L6-S2 pelvic nerves) were dissected from normal mice showing overactivity on cystometry opened along ventral aspect base dome. Bladder...