Polarization- and angle-independent, dual-band metasurface thermal emitter was developed. The emits radiation at 4.26 μm 3.95 μm, conventionally used for CO2 sensing. is based on a planar Au/Al2O3/Au structure, in which orthogonal rectangular Au patches are arrayed alternately, generates nearly perfect blackbody with an emittance as high 0.97. integrated resistive heater mounted SiN membrane, so that the infrared waves produced by applying voltage. incorporated into actual sensing system...

This paper presents a power-saving readout scheme for CMOS image sensors (CISs) that utilizes the properties. The proposed delta-readout (A-readout) reads signal difference between two pixels located next to each other (Apixel) by utilizing most significant bits (MSBs) information of previous pixel. By effectively reducing dynamic range signal, compensated A-window checking, A-readout can reduce effective number decision cycles in successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital...

The purpose of this study is to examine the current state and future directions military leadership research in South Korea, thereby highlighting importance leadership, understanding its status, proposing developmental strategies for research. Through a review literature prior studies, compares concepts with general detail, demonstrating that theories models applied organizations are equally applicable organizations. Despite rapid changes warfare due advancements weapon systems, significance...

A new pixel structure is proposed for wide dynamic range CMOS image sensors. based on a three-transistor active sensor has two linear responses and logarithmic response using additional circuits. The photogate surrounding the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /p-sub photodiode exists second response. due to biased MOS cascode. was designed fabricated 0.35-μm 2-poly 4-metal standard process. of higher than 106 dB. test...

The study of the optimally stable range wave gait is extended to 2n-legged case (n>or=2). To accomplish this, an analytical method applied compare longitudinal stability margin with all periodic and regular gaits. It shown that in 3/4<or= beta <1 for n=2, which confirms result R.B. McGhee A.A. Frank (1968); 1/2<or= n=3, numerical results P. Bessonov N.V. Umnov (1973). time fraction a cycle leg on ground. For n>4, most these cases. However, there are 49 cases lower bound higher than 1/2....

Fully automated gaits are studied that can be used to cross four types of simplified obstacles: grade, ditch, step, and isolated-wall. These simulated using computer graphics. The designer arbitrarily select the dimensions one obstacle; program then generates a series preprogrammed movements enables hexapod over obstacle in fully mode. study demonstrates feasibility for walking these major obstacles. With further research, crossing obstacles general geometry may expected.< <ETX...

We propose a pixel aperture technique in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor for 3D imaging.In conventional camera systems, the is located between object and CMOS (CIS); this type of consists array with red, green, blue (RGB) Bayer pattern color filters.Our proposed uses blue, white (RGBW) (without filter) filters, on W pixel.A sharp can be obtained from pixels, RGB pixels produce defocused blurring.The compared to obtain depth information imaging.A layer, such as...

This paper presents a CMOS image sensor that uses the pixel aperture technique for extracting depth information while producing conventional 2D images. In sensors, is located at camera lens. However, in proposed sensor, integrated on chip and formed metal layer of process. The array used color information, composed four different types pixels - white with aperture, blue pixels, green without aperture. size pixel, which based four-transistor active pinned photodiode, 2.8 μm × μm. A prototype...

This paper presents a CMOS image sensor with the in-pixel aperture technique for single-chip 2-D and 3-D imaging. In conventional sensors, is located at camera lens. However, in proposed sensor, integrated on chip formed metal layer of (CIS) process. A pixel array composed W, R, B PA pixels (W aperture) extracting color depth information. While W becomes blurred increasing distance from focused object, maintains sharpness. Therefore, can be obtained using defocus method. The size pixel,...

A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS), using offset pixel aperture (OPA) technique, was designed and fabricated the 0.11-µm CIS process. In conventional cameras, an is located on camera lens. However, in a OPA apertures are integrated as left-offset (LOPAs) right-offset (ROPAs). color pattern built, comprising LOPA, blue, red, green, ROPA pixels. The disparity information can be acquired from LOPA channels. Both two-dimensional (2D) simultaneously geometric...

In this paper, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors that can extract depth information using the pixel aperture technique is presented. The array of proposed sensor composed blue, red, and white pixels, as well apertures. apertures are formed by pattern in pixels. focused defocused images obtained, simultaneously, sensor, used for calculating information. was designed fabricated 0.11-μm CMOS process, its performance evaluated.

This paper presents the effects of offset pixel aperture width on performance monochrome (MONO) CMOS image sensors (CISs) for a three-dimensional sensor. Using technique to integrate (OPA) inside each pixel, depth information can be acquired using disparity from OPA patterns. The is classified into two pattern types: Left-offset (LOPA) and right-offset (ROPA). These OPAs are divided odd even rows integrated in array. To analyze correlation between sensor characteristics, experiments were...

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of horse oil in 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated BALB/c mice. After application DNCB, mice showed atopic dermatitis symptoms, including severe erythema, hemorrhage, and erosion, whereas those symptoms were alleviated by treatment with oil. To explain anti-dermatitis oil, gene expression levels healing process dorsal skin observed using a cDNA microarray. microarray analysis revealed that 30 genes related to inflammation, Ccr1,...

A power-saving readout scheme for CMOS image sensors (CIS) that utilizes the properties is presented. The proposed delta-readout (Δ-readout) reads signal difference between two pixels located next to each other. By effectively reducing dynamic range of signal, ADC can reduce number decision cycles and save power consumption while maintaining performance at level a conventional ADC. prototype QQVGA CIS with ten 10-bit SAR ADCs in multi-column-parallel (MCP) configuration was fabricated 1P4M...

The authors present a study on fully automated gaits which can be used to cross over four standard types of obstacles: grade, ditch, step, and isolated-wall. These are simulated using computer graphics. designer arbitrarily select the dimensions one obstacle, program then generates series preprogrammed movements enables hexapod obstacle in mode. This demonstrates feasibility obstacle-crossing for use an all-terrain walking machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Key words: wide dynamic range

In this paper, we propose an averaging pixel current adjustment technique for reducing fixed pattern noise (FPN) in the bolometer-type uncooled infrared image sensor. The is composed of active pixel, reference and calibration circuit. Polysilicon resistors were used each pixel. Resistance deviation among pixels integrated with same resistance value cause FPN. principle removing FPN based on subtraction dark from subtracted converted into voltage, which contains information. circuit to adjust...

In this paper, we propose a CMOS image sensor that uses gate/body-tied p-chnnel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (PMOSFET)-type photodetector for highspeed binary operation.The sensitivity of the PMOSFET-type is approximately six times p-n junction same area.Thus, an active pixel with highly sensitive more appropriate high-speed operation.Moreover, operation has advantages low power consumption and simple circuit because analogto-digital converter not necessary.The proposed...

The 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is an important area which can be applied to face detection, gesture recognition, and 3D reconstruction. Many techniques have been reported for using various methods such as time of fight (TOF), stereo vision, structured light. These limitations use light source, multi-camera, or complex camera system. In this paper, we propose the offset pixel aperture (OPA) technique implemented on a single chip so that depth obtained without increasing hardware cost adding...

In this paper, we propose a pixel current calibration technique for reducing the fixed pattern noise due to deviations in bolometer resistance. Usually, it is difficult calibrate of array. The principle that dark reference subtracted from each active pixel. To reduce difference resistance variation, suitable required. Through technique, resistor, and subsequently, noise, can be reduced significantly. A readout circuit using proposed simulated fabricated 0.35 μm standard CMOS process.

Various circuits and devices are integrated on the CMOS image sensor (CIS) chip. Sources of power consumption in CIS include source followers pixel array, bias circuits, driving a noise canceller, readout circuits. In this paper, low-power complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based variable frame rate operation is proposed. Power array reduced by proposed CIS. most cases, constant current continuously flows through even if changed. However, results indicate that using reduces...

This paper presents the effects of aperture diameter on image blur complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor with pixel apertures for depth extraction. In a conventional camera system, is located at lens. However, in proposed photodiode. The patterns array fabricated CIS are composed blue, red, and white pixels, as well apertures. formed by metal pattern pixels designed using layer process. focused defocused images simultaneously obtained without can be used reference to extract...

In this paper, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor for low-power operation with variable frame rate is presented. The operating current of the CIS can be reduced by varying CMOS (CIS), thus decreasing power consumption effectively. proposed has two modes: normal mode and lowpower mode. mode, pixel array controlled according to CIS. At lower rates, smaller than in determined on off ratios bias current. was fabricated measured 2-poly 4-metal 0.35 &#x3BC;m standard process.

In SoC design, synchronous buses are used frequently to interconnect several IPs. However, it is difficult use for design because of the increase wire delay caused by crosstalk effect and difficulty synchronisation clock-skew problem. The an asynchronous bus alternative solution methodology. A new handshake protocol proposed using return-to-zero data encoding scheme implementation a high performance bus. Simulation results reveal that increases read throughput 30.5%, decreases latency 12.5%.