A5061687959- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Marine and fisheries research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Marine animal studies overview
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics
- Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
- Climate change and permafrost
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2015-2024
University of Victoria
2005-2010
Institut du Savoir Montfort
2000
Northeastern University
1999
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
1999
Stennis Space Center
1996
We have developed a coupled snow‐ice–ice algae model to investigate the importance of different ice algal growth limitation terms, as well loss in regulating biomass accumulation at bottom landfast Canadian Archipelago. The results are compared with data collected from May July 2002 station near Resolute Barrow Strait. Our show that light limited beginning bloom, then fluctuate between and nutrient limitation, finally remaining toward end bloom. fortnightly tide modulates through supply...
Building the capacity for monitoring and forecasting marine biogeochemistry ecosystem dynamics is a scientific challenge of strategic importance in context rapid environmental change growing public awareness its potential impacts on ecosystems resources. National Operational Oceanography centres have started to take up this by integrating operational systems. Ongoing activities are illustrated paper presenting examples (pre-)operational biogeochemical systems active Europe North America...
The euphausiid aggregation at the head of main channel estuary and Gulf St. Lawrence was surveyed using 120- 38-kHz hydroacoustics in summers 1994 1995. A systematic sampling grid covering an area 1319 km 2 visited eight times. Fish echoes were separated from krill difference backscattering strength two frequencies. Global estimates obtained geostatistical methods for both total biomass fraction exceeding 5 g wet·m -3 . euphausiids always exclusively composed individuals oldest cohorts (2+)...
Past trends and future projections of key atmospheric, oceanic, sea ice, biogeochemical variables were assessed to increase our understanding climate change impacts on Canadian Arctic marine ecosystems. Four subbasins are evaluated: Beaufort Sea, Archipelago, Baffin Bay/Davis Strait, Hudson Bay Complex. Limited observations, especially for ecosystem variables, compromise the trend analyses. Future predominately from global models with few contributions available basin scale models. The...
Ocean acidification (OA) is increasing predictably in the global ocean as rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to higher oceanic concentrations inorganic carbon. The Gulf Maine (GOM) a seasonally varying region confluence for many processes that further affect carbonate system including freshwater influences and high productivity, particularly near coast where local impart strong influence. Two main regions within GOM currently experience conditions are suboptimal organisms—the...
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a threat to human health, local economies, and coastal ecosystems. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were fitted using 24-y database in order predict future occurrences of three distinct species HABs on the Canadian East Coast, dinoflagellates Dinophysis acuminata D. norvegica, diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata. GAMMs produced for each combined with two downscaled climate simulations (MPI-ESM-LR CanESM2) under representative concentration pathway (RCP)...
The spatial organization of the euphausiid (Thysanoessa raschi and Meganyctiphanes norvegica) aggregation at head Laurentian Channel is examined using 120-kHz echointegration data from eight surveys in summers 1994 1995 currents obtained a high-resolution three-dimensional circulation model. Circulation main factor controlling abundance distribution krill. pattern U-shaped includes an entrance corridor along northern edge channel, major accumulation zone off Les Escoumins, exit southern...
We present projections of future primary production for the Canadian Beaufort Shelf Arctic Ocean, using simulations climate change from Global Climate Model (CGCM2) to force a coupled sea ice‐ocean‐biological one‐dimensional model. compare three 18 year simulations, 1975–1992, 2042–2059, and 2082–2099, describe impacts reduction in ice cover duration thickness an increase surface freshwater fluxes. Our results show average annual 6% between period 1975–1992 2042–2059 9% 2082–2099. The...
Numerical models can be a powerful tool helping to understand the role biogeochemical processes play in local and global systems how this may altered changing climate. With respect sea-ice models, our knowledge is severely limited by poor confidence numerical model parameterisations representing those processes. Improving requires communication between observers modellers guide development improve acquisition presentation of observations. In addition more observations, need conceptual...
A three-dimensional circulation model, coupled to a Lagrangian particle drift is used understand the processes leading krill transport from northwest Gulf of St. Lawrence (nwGSL) towards head Lower Estuary (LSLE), well-known site accumulation. An analysis at scale (GSL) over five years (2006 2010) evidenced four major findings. (i) There are two main seasonal patterns, one in winter–spring and summer–fall, driven by local wind forcing Cabot Strait Belle Isle. (ii) The freshwater runoff...
We use the results from eight of Earth System Models (ESMs) made available for Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to analyze projected changes in biogeochemical conditions over next 50 years northwest Atlantic. looked at using Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario 100–400 m depth range a large region and more specific locations assess relevance these outputs force regional climate downscaling model Gulf St. Lawrence. The trends dissolved oxygen...
Abstract. We present the development and evaluation of MOM6-COBALT-NWA12 version 1.0, a 1/12∘ model ocean dynamics biogeochemistry in northwest Atlantic Ocean. This is built using new regional capabilities MOM6 coupled with Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry Lower Trophics (COBALT) biogeochemical Sea Ice Simulator version-2 (SIS2) sea ice model. Our goal was to develop provide information support living-marine-resource applications across management time horizons from seasons decades. To do this,...
The goal of this paper is to give a detailed description the coupled physical-biogeochemical model Gulf St. Lawrence that includes dissolved oxygen and carbonate system components, as well analysis riverine contribution for different nitrogen components. A particular attention was paid representation microbial loop in order maintain appropriate level biogeochemical components within over long term simulations. skill demonstrated using situ data, satellite data estimated fluxes from studies...
Capelin (Mallotus villosus) tridimensional distribution at the head of Laurentian Channel in St. Lawrence estuary was investigated using 38- and 120-kHz acoustic surveys summers 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998. The results are interpreted with help a high-resolution tidal circulation model. Total biomasses were small (934583 t) showed rapid fluctuations, whereas mesoscale more constant. tended to occupy very end channel head, especially slopes shallows surrounding basins. This pattern did not...
[1] Ice algae are an important component of the carbon cycle in Arctic. We investigate dynamics ice bloom by coupling algae-nutrient model with a multilayer σ coordinate thermodynamic sea model. The is tested simulation algal at base first-year over spring. Model output compared data from Barrow Strait Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Snow cover, through its influence on melt, dominant factor controlling decline model, finding that supports past studies. results show under higher snow cover (20...
Society is moving towards a no-analogue climate that will fundamentally affect ocean ecosystems and the socio-economic activities depend on them. Warming has led to displacements of various populations, calling for an adaptation fisheries management plans Species at Risk recovery strategies. Dissolved oxygen (DO) declined, but its impacts habitat are much less studied. Severe hypoxia lethal, even sublethal can trigger species displacements. We use Atlantic wolffish ( Anarhichas lupus ) as...
A coupled 1-D sea ice-ocean physical-biogeochemical model was developed to investigate the processes governing ice algal and phytoplankton blooms in seasonally ice-covered Arctic Ocean. The column is representative of one grid cell 3-D applications provides a tool for parameterization development. applied Resolute Passage Canadian Archipelago assessed with observations from field campaign during spring 2010. factors considered limit growth simulated algae were light, nutrients, case algae,...
The Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), along with the Estuary, is largest estuarine system in North America. It a biologically productive sea and an important fishing ground Canada. objectives this study are to determine how climate changes will affect primary production GSL on eastern Scotian Shelf, drivers changes. We use regional ocean model forced downscaled output Max-Planck Institute Earth System Model net under change scenario Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). Results reveal...
Abstract Maps, F., Plourde, S., Lavoie, D., McQuinn, I., and Chassé, J. 2014. Modelling the influence of daytime distribution on transport two sympatric krill species (Thysanoessa raschii Meganyctiphanes norvegica) in Gulf St Lawrence, eastern Canada. – ICES Journal Marine Science, 71: 282–292. The Lawrence (GSL) provides several North Atlantic baleen whale with an abundant supply krill, dominated by Thysanoessa norvegica. We aimed to quantify differences upstream advection resulting from...
Abstract Plourde, S., McQuinn, I. H., Maps, F., St-Pierre, J-F., Lavoie, D., and Joly, P. 2014. Daytime depth thermal habitat of two sympatric krill species in response to surface salinity variability the Gulf St Lawrence, eastern Canada. – ICES Journal Marine Science, 71: 272–281. We describe acoustically determined weighted mean (WMD) krill, Thysanoessa raschii Meganyctiphanes norvegica, variations during summer Lawrence. In this coastal system, non-living particulates CDOM carried by...