A5027916868- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Plant and animal studies
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Marine and environmental studies
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Écologie, Systématique et Évolution
2016-2025
Université Paris-Saclay
2015-2025
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2014-2025
AgroParisTech
2012-2025
Université Paris-Sud
2012-2020
Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité
2010
The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying fruit size remain poorly understood in perennial crops, despite being an important agronomic trait. Here we show that the expression level of a microRNA gene (miRNA172) influences apple. A transposon insertional allele miRNA172 showing reduced associates with large apple breeding population, whereas over-expression transgenic significantly reduces size. was found to be co-located major quantitative trait locus, fixed cultivated apples and their...
Abstract Convergent adaptation provides unique insights into the predictability of evolution and ultimately processes biological diversification. Supergenes (beneficial gene linkage) are striking examples adaptation, but little is known about their prevalence or evolution. A recent study on anther-smut fungi documented supergene formation by rearrangements linking two key mating-type loci, controlling pre- post-mating compatibility. Here further high-quality genome assemblies reveal four...
Domestication involves recent adaptation under strong human selection and rapid diversification therefore constitutes a good model for studies of these processes. We studied the domestication emblematic white mold Penicillium camemberti, used maturation soft cheeses, such as Camembert Brie, about which surprisingly little was known, despite its economic cultural importance. Whole-genome-based analyses genetic relationships diversity revealed that an ancient event led to emergence gray-green...
Recombination suppression can evolve in sex or mating-type chromosomes, autosomal supergenes, with different haplotypes being maintained by balancing selection. In the invasive chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, a genomic region was suggested to lack recombination and be partially physically linked (MAT) locus based on segregation analyses. Using hundreds of available C. parasitica genomes generating new high-quality genome assemblies, we show that ca. 1.2 Mb proximal lacks...
Abstract Identifying the genes underlying adaptation, their distribution in genomes and evolutionary forces shaping genomic diversity are key challenges biology. Very few studies have investigated abundance of selective sweeps species with high‐quality reference genomes, outside a handful model species. Pathogenic fungi tractable eukaryote models for investigating genomics adaptation. By sequencing 53 two anther‐smut mapping them against genome, we showed that were abundant scattered...
Abstract Domestication provides an excellent framework for studying adaptive divergence. Using population genomics and phenotypic assays, we reconstructed the domestication history of blue cheese mould Penicillium roqueforti. We showed that this fungus was domesticated twice independently. The used in Roquefort originated from old event associated with weak bottlenecks exhibited traits beneficial pre‐industrial production (slower growth greater spore on bread, traditional multiplication...
Abstract Domestication is an excellent case study for understanding adaptation and multiple fungal lineages have been domesticated fermenting food products. Studying domestication in fungi has thus both fundamental applied interest. Genomic studies revealed the existence of four populations within blue‐cheese‐making fungus Penicillium roqueforti . The two cheese show footprints domestication, but non‐cheese to their ecological niches (i.e., silage/spoiled lumber/spoiled food) not...
The emblematic fungus Penicillium roqueforti is used throughout the world as a starter culture in production of blue-veined cheeses. Like other industrial filamentous fungi, P. was thought to lack sexual cycle. However, an ability induce recombination great economic and fundamental importance, it would make possible transform improve strains, promoting creation novel phenotypes eliminating deleterious mutations that accumulate during clonal propagation. We report here, for first time,...
Two major ecological transitions marked the history of Black Sea after last Ice Age. The first was postglacial transition from a brackish-water to marine ecosystem dominated by porpoises and dolphins once this basin reconnected back Mediterranean ( ca . 8,000 y B.P.). second occurred during past decades, when overfishing hunting activities brought these predators close extinction, having deep impact on structure dynamics ecosystem. Estimating extent decimation is essential for characterizing...
Abstract Crop‐to‐wild gene flow can reduce the fitness and genetic integrity of wild species. Malus sylvestris , European crab‐apple fruit tree in particular, is threatened by disappearance its habitat from domesticated relative domestica . With aims evaluating threats for M. formulating recommendations conservation, we studied here, using microsatellite markers growth experiments: (i) hybridization rates seeds trees a French forest used replanting crab apples agrosystems forests, (ii)...
Although congruence between host and pathogen phylogenies has been extensively investigated, the genetic structures at within-species level received little attention. Using an unprecedented comprehensive collection of associated plant-pathogen samples, we investigated degree across Europe two evolutionary ecological model organisms, anther-smut Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae its plant Silene latifolia. We demonstrated a significant particularly strong host-pathogen co-structure, with three...
New reference genomes and transcriptomes are becoming increasingly available across the whole tree of life, opening new avenues to tackle exciting evolutionary questions. However, there still challenges associated with annotating genomes, aligning sequences, inferring processes a lack methodological standardisation. Here, we propose workflow designed for analyses overcome these challenges, facilitating detection recombination suppression its consequences in terms rearrangements transposable...
Elucidating the genomic architecture of quantitative traits is essential for our understanding adaptation and breeding in domesticated organisms. Penicillium roqueforti mold used worldwide blue cheese maturation, contributing to flavors through proteolytic lipolytic activities. The two populations display very little genetic diversity, but are differentiated carry opposite mating types. We produced haploid F1 progenies from five crosses, using parents belonging non-cheese populations....
Recombination suppression often evolves around sex-determining loci and extends stepwise, resulting in adjacent regions with different levels of divergence between sex chromosomes, called evolutionary strata. In Ascomycota fungi, strata have been found the mating-type (MAT) locus only pseudo-homothallic species, i.e., a diploid-like lifecycle mycelia carrying nuclei both mating types. contrast, no recombination has observed fungi haploid-like lifecycle, such as heterothallic (with mycelial...
A wide diversity of mating systems occur in nature, with frequent evolutionary transitions mating-compatibility mechanisms. Basidiomycete fungi typically have two mating-type loci controlling compatibility, HD and PR, usually residing on different chromosomes. In Microbotryum anther-smut fungi, there been repeated events linkage between the through chromosome fusions, leading to large non-recombining regions. By generating high-quality genome assemblies, we found that sister species...
Background Penicillium roqueforti is a filamentous fungus used for making blue cheeses worldwide. It also occurs as food spoiler and in silage wood. Previous studies have revealed strong population genetic structure, with specific traits associated the different populations. Here, we large strain collection from worldwide published recently to investigate structure of P. roqueforti. Principal findings We found that was consistent previous studies, two main clusters (W+C+ W-C-, i.e., without...
The degree of selfing has major impacts on adaptability and is often controlled by molecular mechanisms determining mating compatibility. Changes in compatibility systems are therefore important evolutionary events, but their underlying genomic poorly understood. Fungi display frequent shifts systems, small genomes facilitate elucidation the involved. In particular, linkage between pre- postmating loci evolved repeatedly, increasing odds gamete under selfing. Here, we studied mating-type...
Abstract Sex chromosomes often carry large nonrecombining regions that can extend progressively over time, generating evolutionary strata of sequence divergence. However, some sex display an incomplete suppression recombination. Large genomic without recombination and have also been documented around fungal mating-type loci, but studied in only a few systems. In the model fungus Podospora anserina (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes), reference S strain lacks across 0.8-Mb region locus. The lack...
Recombination is often suppressed at sex-determining loci in plants and animals, self-incompatibility or mating-type fungi. In fungal ascomycetes, recombination suppression around the locus associated with pseudo-homothallism, i . e production of self-fertile dikaryotic sexual spores carrying two opposite mating types. This has been well studied species complexes from different families Sordariales : Podospora anserina Neurospora tetrasperma However, it unclear whether this intriguing...
Some fungi have been domesticated for food production, with genetic differentiation between populations from and wild environments, often acquiring beneficial traits through horizontal gene transfers (HGTs). Studying their adaptation to human-made substrates is of fundamental applied importance understanding processes further strain improvement. We studied here the population structures phenotypes two distantly related
Genetic differentiation occurs when gene flow is prevented, due to reproductive barriers or asexuality. Investigating the early important for understanding process of speciation. Here, we therefore investigated isolation between different genetic clusters fungus Penicillium roqueforti, used maturing blue cheeses, and also occurring as food spoiler in silage. We premating postmating fertility within three (two from cheese one other substrates), observed sexual structures under scanning...
Abstract Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) is a staple crop in Sahelian Africa. Farmers usually grow varieties with different cycle lengths and complementary functions agrosystems. Both the level of genetic differentiation these domestication history pearl have been poorly studied. We investigated neutral diversity population structure early‐ late‐flowering domesticated wild populations using 18 microsatellite loci 8 nucleotide sequences. Strikingly, were not differentiated over their...
Abstract The competitive exclusion principle postulates that different species can only coexist in sympatry if they occupy distinct ecological niches. goal of this study was to understand the geographical distribution three Microbotryum anther‐smut fungi are distantly related but infect same host plants, sister Silene vulgaris and S. uniflora, Western Europe. We used microsatellite markers investigate pathogen relation specialization factors. violaceo‐irregulare found on at high elevations...
Abstract Human-related environments, including food and clinical settings, present microorganisms with atypical challenging conditions that necessitate adaptation. Several cases of novel horizontally acquired genetic material associated adaptive traits have been recently described, contained within giant transposons named Starships. While several Starships found in domesticated species, the extent their impact on evolution human-associated fungi remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether...