This article proposes and demonstrates an optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on magnetofluid-encapsulated polarization-maintaining (PMF) single-end offset fusion spliced hollow-core (HCF) structure. Thanks to the unique fast slow axes structure of PMF, when two are fused with HCF, respectively, exhibits different responses variation surrounding sensing Experimental results reveal that at a dislocation <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Taking the typical rural tourism cooperative led by Party branch in B village of Shandong Province as an example, this paper discusses causes, concrete practices, practical effects and existing problems party through case analysis with exploratory empirical research method. Research shows that: First, motivation establishment lies weakening marginalization branch, decline industry collective poverty, weak consciousness villagers. Second, to lead needs raise energy empower, integrate...

Besides biomass production, some microalgae have been used to treat wastewater contamination. However, in general, high concentrations of heavy metals significantly inhibit algal growth. We thus need find ways promote the resistance metals, increase their growth rate under stress, and achieve coupling metal removal production simultaneously. In this review, mechanisms for by are proposed. Effects exogenous chemical additives (dissolved organic matters, formaldehyde, sulphate, phosphate,...

Chirp characteristics of Silicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) modulators with forward-biased p-i-n and reverse-biased p-n structures are investigated by performing small-signal simulation, respectively. Simulation result shows that the chirp parameter is negative influenced carrier absorption effect, amplitude, frequency applied sinusoidal modulating signals. performance at 10 GHz modulation can be obtained utilizing depletion mode structure. Finally, a way to further lower absolute...

An all-optical fiber magnetic field and temperature simultaneous measurement sensor based on single mode (SMF)-multimode (MMF)-SMF-hollow core (HCF)-SMF structure is proposed. The sensing sealed with a capillary tube infiltrated fluid (MF). By varying the external temperature, transmission spectrum of will change accordingly. spectra for variation are investigated. In experiment, sensitivity −0.865 dB/mT in range 47–60 mT 0.519 dB/°C 27 °C–43 °C obtained, respectively. Our multimode...

The undercut long-wave infrared (LWIR) waveguide components with air-gap beneath are analyzed and fabricated on the Si-wafer simple manufacturing process. A 1 × 2 multimode interference (MMI) splitter based this structure is presented measured under 10.6 μm wavelength experimental setup. uniformity of MMI 0.76 dB. relationship among output power, slab thickness width also fully discussed. Furthermore, straight waveguides SOI platform for propagation loss evaluation. Ways to reduce discussed either.

Purpose This paper aims to reveal the effects of an organisation’s bargaining power on its negotiating behaviours (including integrating, obliging, compromising, dominating and avoiding) in context inter-organisational conflict construction projects investigate how organisational distance orientation moderates relationship between behaviours. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a questionnaire survey among practitioners Chinese industry with final sample consisting 219...

The purpose of this study is to explore the occupants’ subjective evaluation indoor environmental quality (IEQ) hotels with same physical environment and different decoration styles, reveal influence styles on quality. found a hotel three mainstream modern simple style, British pastoral Japanese adopted standard rooms area, pattern, lighting, orientation, cost. only variable controlled was feelings customers were investigated. Based literature 604 online comments, researchers designed...

In this study, the authors propose a cyclic prefix (CP) based imperfect reconstruction (IPR) filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) system in uplink of multiuser networks, known as multiple access (FBMA). The prototype is common low-pass without any perfect (PR) or nearly (NPR) constraint. CP appended input signal format applied to avoid inter-symbol interference and facilitate equalisation task. received jointly processed by multi-subband equalisation. Besides, data symbols can be complex-valued...

Specific activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) channels provides a new avenue for cancer treatment by inducing excessive Ca

Little is known about what restrictions make owners unable to use or give up using contract-based power in construction project transactions. To examine this issue, research explores the effects of process specificity on owners' contract design and during execution as well moderating role uncertainty these empirical data from 327 transactions China. The results show that can coercive legitimate powers based contractual control while reward coordination. increase (a special version asset...

The article proposes a novel all fiber vector magnetic field sensor structure based on fluid (MF) and side-polished eccentric-core structure. basic connection of the head consists an (ECF) fused in middle two single-mode fibers (SMFs). was to destroy circular symmetry fiber. We encapsulated surface optical by using capillary combine anisotropic distribution characteristics MF achieve sensing. research results indicate that shows intensity sensitivity -0.381 dB/mT within 44~62 mT, with...

Current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing interleave multiple access (OFDM-IDMA) systems only employ the power optimization process in user-wise level but subcarrier-wise remains untouched. This paper proposes a novel and efficient algorithm for allocation OFDM-IDMA system, which aims at maximizing channel capacity under constraints of average powers. Different from widely used formula, objective function is changed Gaussian inputs to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulated...

A semi-analytical calculation framework is proposed to calculate the eigenmodes of a general laser resonator with arbitrary intra-cavity wavefront aberrations. By solving linear eigenvalue equation in complex space, mode intensity distributions high power unstable resonators are obtained, indicating that due aberrations area fundamental significantly shrinks form localized extremely intensity. The beam quality, area, threshold gain, and operation reliability compared between traditional one...

This paper proposes a downlink beamforming scheme at the base station (BS) in wireless communication systems based on estimated directions-of-arrival (DOA) information obtained from uplink signals. Procedures corresponding to traditional linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) scheme, zero-forcing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and proposed two stage are described. Simulation results presented clarify that with significantly less required feedback information, our can achieve...