Formosan serows are an endemic species in Taiwan. Alfaxalone, a γ-aminobutyric acidA agonist, induces or maintains anesthesia various veterinary with reported potential adverse effects of respiratory depression and tachycardia. α2-Adrenoceptor agonists exert sedative muscle relaxation effects, along substantial cardiovascular effects. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anesthetic alfaxalone combined xylazine dexmedetomidine (AX vs. AD, respectively) serows. In this randomized, masked study, AX...

The persistence of latent HIV-1 proviruses in CD4+ T cells is a major obstacle to curing HIV. “shock and kill” strategy involves reversing latency with latency-reversing agents (LRAs) selectively inducing cell death infected cells. However, current LRAs have shown limited efficacy eliminating the ex vivo HIV reservoir thus failed clinical study. In this study, we repurposed PZ703b, pro-apoptotic protein degrader initially developed for anti-leukemia therapy, target eradication. PZ703b...

Abstract An experimental protocol for the quantitation of lactate is demonstrated in vivo 1 H NMR surface coil spectroscopy. The concentration can be calculated by comparing and vitro ratios N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) signals. With this protocol, approximately 25% present hypoxic or ischemic rat brain observed NMR. © 1987 Academic press Inc.

Abstract The changes in cerebral phosphorus metabolites, intracellular pH, and lactate during 30 min of complete global ischemia 2 h reperfusion were monitored by time‐shared 1 H 31 P vivo NMR spectroscopy rats. After the induction ischemia, pH decreased from 7.14 ± 0.01 to 6.32 0.10, concentration increased 1.6 0.4 15.8 2.5 μmol/g; ATP phosphocreatine totally depleted, while inorganic phosphate 715 47%. Within after blood flow was restored, high‐energy phosphates levels had recovered close...

Opiate-receptor antagonists improve behavioral, electrophysiologic and/or histologic outcome in various experimental models of central nervous system ischemia. To address the potential mechanism(s) by which opiate-receptor may exert their protective actions cerebral ischemia, metabolic and biochemical changes were measured brain rats pretreated with antagonist nalmefene or vehicle subjected to 60 min global ischemia followed 2 hr reperfusion. 31P 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy used...

Brain acidosis from cerebral ischemia is characterized by average intracellular pH levels of approximately 5.8-6.2, which appear in turn to worsen cellular injury. We report that the brain not injured when hypercapnia used reduce about 6.2 during adequate oxygenation. A hyperbaric chamber needed achieve values so low because inspired CO2 tensions must be increased 1 atm. Using vivo phosphorus-31 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we measured lactate concentration rats inside...

Formosan serows are endemic to the mountainous regions of Taiwan. This crossover study aimed assess and compare anesthetic induction recovery using either dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam (DZ) or dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) by intramuscular injection from a blow-dart in zoo environment. Ten procedures were performed with five adult serows. Each participant was anesthetized both combinations at least once minimal 12-month washout. The average dosages 22.6 ± 8.3 µg/kg 35.8 2.5 for...

Abstract Detailed temporal and spatial distributions of lactate production are presented for graded fluid‐percussion brain injury in the rat. A one‐dimensional proton spin‐echo spectroscopic imaging (ID SESI) technique, performed with a surface coil, is evaluated. This which represents practical compromise, provides spatially localized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra from series small voxels (<0.15 cm 3 ) less than 10 min, thus enabling both monitoring production. These...

Brain edema caused by glutamate excitotoxicity was studied in well oxygenated neonatal cerebrocortical brain slices (350 μthick). Slices exposed to 60 minutes of 2 mM glutamate, with or without antagonists (dizocilpine, kynurenate, NBQX), were allowed recover for minutes. The protocol identical that noninvasive multinuclear NMR spectroscopy studies (31P/1H/19F) live slices. Percent water and swelling determined invasively isolated wet dry weight measurements before after exposure. Edema...

ABSTRACT The persistence of latent HIV-1 proviruses in CD4+ T cells is a major obstacle to curing HIV. “shock and kill” strategy involves reversing latency with latency-reversing agents (LRAs) selectively inducing cell death infected cells. However, current LRAs have shown limited efficacy eliminating the ex vivo HIV reservoir. We repurposed PZ703b, pro-apoptotic protein degrader initially developed for anti-leukemia therapy, target eradication. PZ703b induced degradation Bcl-2 Bcl-xL,...

Relatively large (>3 mm) and stimulus-correlated head movement during blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) 'functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is known to produce regions of false activation. We investigated a possible difference in brain activation with weakly correlated through-plane in-plane fourteen healthy volunteers. fMRI was performed on 4 Tesla whole-body MRI scanner, using gradient-echo single-shot EPI. Regions occurred despite small movements (<1-mm-translations <1/spl...