SYNOPSIS Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Among 2985 subjects, lifetime and six month prevalence figures for PTSD were 1·30 0·44 % respectively. In comparison to non-PTSD those with had significantly greater job instability, family history psychiatric illness, parental poverty, child abuse, separation or divorce parents prior age 10. associated co-morbidity attempted suicide, increased frequency bronchial asthma, hypertension, peptic...

One hundred and fifty middle-aged elderly adults with a diagnosis of major depression were assessed initially as inpatients, reinterviewed 6–32 months later. Both size social network subjective support significant predictors depressive symptoms at follow-up, baseline scores other outcome status statistically controlled. Subjective was most strongly associated depression; this effect significantly stronger for than older adults, men women. Differences in the effects marital status, network,...

Objective. Unmet need for health care is a critical indicator of access problems. Among children, unmet has special significance inasmuch as the failure to obtain treatment can affect status and functioning in near- long-term. The purpose this study was present current prevalence estimates descriptive characteristics children with needs using nationally representative household survey data. Methods. We analyzed 4 years National Health Interview Survey data spanning 1993 through 1996. Our...

Numerous studies have demonstrated that insurance status influences the amount of ambulatory care received by children, but few assessed role as a determinant children's access to primary care. We studied effect health on

Effects of age on the distribution specific life events experienced during past year by community-based adults were examined controlling for sex, race, education, marital status, and place residence. The controlled analyses done using logistic regression. Data gathered via personal interview from 3,798 respondents ages eighteen years over who participated in Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA), community survey North Carolina. Respondents placed one four groups. percentage reporting each...

This DataWatch examines trends in health insurance coverage of children using recent data from the Current Population Survey. The results indicate that number and proportion who were uninsured changed little between 1988 1992. However, substantial changes occurred composition insured population: covered by employer-based private declined 60.7 percent to 56.2 1992, while Medicaid increased 15.6 21.6 over same period. These a fundamental shift is occurring responsibility for insuring nation's...

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to examine the impact of State Children’s Health Insurance Program nationally on children’s access and use health care. data source National Interview Survey, using 1997 as a baseline, which predates implementation Program, 2003 end point analysis. We analyzed 25 734 children aged 0 18 years (1997 combined) changes in insurance coverage rates, care access, utilization for target population, defined here those living families with incomes between 100% 199% federal...

The ultimate goal of providing public health insurance is to improve the low-income children. Yet, acknowledging limitations important because children's shaped by a variety factors, many which cannot be influenced increased access care. Health status also affected race, language, culture, geography, and socioeconomic class. This article summarizes current research about what can do in three areas: care, reducing stress worry for parents, improving status. review reveals several themes,...

Objectives. We sought to determine if the recent expansions in Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) have resulted a narrowing of income disparities over time with use dental care children 2 17 years age. Methods. Six data from National Interview Survey were utilized. A trend analysis was conducted using 1983 as baseline, which predates expansions, 2001–2002, endpoint, postdates implementation expansions. In addition, we examined two intermediate points (1989...

Action advising is a knowledge transfer technique for reinforcement learning based on the teacher-student paradigm. An expert teacher provides advice to student during training in order improve student's sample efficiency and policy performance. Such commonly given form of state-action pairs. However, it makes difficult reason with apply novel states. We introduce Explainable Advising, which action as well associated explanations indicating why was chosen. This allows self-reflect what has...

This article lays the foundation for other articles in this journal issue, which examine effect of managed health care arrangements on a particular population: children. Although has been used to finance and deliver services decades, meaning term often unclear consumers practitioners because new forms have evolved rapidly. The one consistent unifying concept across all is that enrollees obtain from network participating providers who contract with organization abide by organization's rules....

Economically disadvantaged rural families, like their urban counterparts, face significant difficulties obtaining adequate maternity and infant health care resulting, in part, from an unequal distribution of resources as well economic racial barriers to nationwide. Rural women infants must contend with additional access problems that reflect the inherent constraints existence specific state policies exacerbate associated isolation. This article provides overview availability accessibility...

Effects of age on the distribution three life events qualities (expectation, valence, importance) for specific experienced during past year by community-based adults were examined, controlling sex, race, education, marital status, and place residence. The controlled analyses done using multiple regression. Data gathered via personal interviews from 3,798 respondents aged 18 + years who participated in Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) community survey North Carolina. Respondents placed into...

Somatization disorder, the presentation of multiple somatic complaints in organ systems, can be diagnosed by three roughly comparable diagnostic systems: Washington University Feighner criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria, and DSM-III criteria. This study evaluates concordance for somatization disorder these systems using data gathered National Institute Mental Health-sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program at four sites. Data through use Interview Schedule Duke, Johns Hopkins,...

Millions of low-income children and women childbearing age are completely uninsured. Medicaid, the nation's largest public health financing program for poor, is an inadequate resource uninsured families with children. By 1984, served only 46% poor near-poor, down from 65% in 1976. To assess availability maternity pediatric services low income children, a survey 51 Title V Maternal Child Health agency officials was conducted 1986. While nearly all states (48) offer some prenatal care programs...

The prediction of posttransplant health outcomes for pediatric heart transplantation is critical risk stratification and high-quality care.The purpose this study was to examine the use machine learning (ML) models predict rejection mortality transplant recipients.Various ML were used at 1, 3, 5 years after in recipients using United Network Organ Sharing data from 1987 2019. variables predicting included donor recipient as well medical social factors. We evaluated 7 models-extreme gradient...

Baseline bone mineral density scanning in patients about to commence long-term androgen deprivation therapy for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer is reported show a high incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. We investigated the existing spinal osteoporotic fractures this population as known be risk factor development treatment induced fractures.Since 2003 we performed lateral thoracolumbar x-rays on all before cancer. The heights T4-L5 vertebral bodies were measured, then reanalyzed by...

This brief supplements recommendations developed by the California Dental Association Foundation and American College of Obstetricians Gynecologists that recommended practice guidelines during perinatal period. addresses importance safety oral health care pregnancy outlines some multiple system-level barriers make it difficult for many women to access services, as well offers specific strategies mitigating these barriers.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Although access to dental care has improved over time, many children still face difficulty in obtaining services. One strategy increase is through mobile services, often collaboration with schools, Head Start programs, and school‐based health centers. This study evaluates a large program based Minnesota. METHODS Thematic analysis of interview data collected during 2‐day site visit multivariate regression electronic records patients (adults children) that received from...

Neural agents trained in reinforcement learning settings can learn to communicate among themselves via discrete tokens, accomplishing as a team what would be unable do alone. However, the current standard of using one-hot vectors communication tokens prevents from acquiring more desirable aspects such zero-shot understanding. Inspired by word embedding techniques natural language processing, we propose neural agent architectures that enables them derived learned, continuous space. We show...

During difficult economic times, many California counties have expanded health insurance coverage for low‐income children. These Children's Health Initiatives (CHIs) enroll children in public programs and provide new insurance, Healthy Kids, those ineligible existing programs. This article describes the policy issues implementing Santa Clara San Mateo County CHIs, as well children's enrollment levels utilization of services. CHIs are among first thirty planning or such initiatives. Their...

Multi-agent robotic systems are increasingly operating in real-world environments close proximity to humans, yet largely controlled by policy models with inscrutable deep neural network representations. We introduce a method for incorporating interpretable concepts from domain expert into trained through multi-agent reinforcement learning, requiring the model first predict such then utilize them decision making. This allows an both reason about resulting concept terms of these high-level at...