A5088532105- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Livestock and Poultry Management
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Livestock Farming and Management
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
University of Perugia
2016-2025
University of Pavia
2011
Archaeological and genetic evidence concerning the time mode of wild horse ( Equus ferus ) domestication is still debated. High levels diversity in mtDNA have been detected when analyzing control region; recurrent mutations, however, tend to blur structure phylogenetic tree. Here, we brought phylogeny highest level molecular resolution by 83 mitochondrial genomes from modern horses across Asia, Europe, Middle East, Americas. Our data reveal 18 major haplogroups (A–R) with radiation times...
It is now widely agreed that the Native American founders originated from a Beringian source population ~15-18 thousand years ago (kya) and rapidly populated all of New World, probably mainly following Pacific coastal route. However, details about migration into Americas routes pursued on continent still remain unresolved, despite numerous genetic, archaeological, linguistic investigations. To examine pioneering peopling phase South continent, we screened literature mtDNA databases...
Pan-American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup C1 has been recently subdivided into three branches, two of which (C1b and C1c) are characterized by ages geographical distributions that indicative an early arrival from Beringia with Paleo-Indians. In contrast, the estimated C1d--the third subset C1--looked too young to fit above scenario. To define origin this enigmatic branch, we completely sequenced 63 C1d genomes a wide range geographically diverse, mixed, indigenous American...
In this study we evaluated migration models to the Americas by using information contained in native mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from North America. Molecular and phylogeographic analyses of B2a mitogenomes, which are absent Eskimo–Aleut northern Na-Dene speakers, revealed that haplogroup arose America ∼11–13 ka one founder Paleo-Indian B2 mitogenomes. contrast, A2a, is typical Eskimo–Aleuts Na-Dene, but also present easternmost Siberian groups, originated only 4–7 Alaska, led first...
In the period between 400 to 800 AD, also known as of Barbarian invasions, intense migration is documented in historical record Europe. However, little about demographic impact these movements, potentially ranging from negligible substantial. As a pilot study broader project on Medieval Europe, we sampled 102 specimens 5 burial sites Northwestern Italy, archaeologically classified belonging Lombards or Longobards, Germanic people ruling over vast section Italian peninsula 568 774. We...
Bones, teeth and hair are often the only physical evidence of human or animal presence at an archaeological site; they also most widely used sources samples for ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis. Unfortunately, extracted from samples, already scarce highly degraded, is susceptible to exogenous contaminations that can affect reliability aDNA studies. We evaluated molecular effects sample handling on five skeletons freshly excavated a cemetery dated between 11 14th century. collected specimens...
The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is result its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. extent to which genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices largely unknown. A common standard analyze maternally-inherited livestock species through complete sequencing entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). We present first survey mitogenomic based on 84 sequences selected from an initial collection 758 samples that represent 60...
A population in a natural crossroad within Europe reveals multiple ancient contributions and substantial structure.
Trade and colonization caused an unprecedented increase in Mediterranean human mobility the first millennium BCE. Often seen as a dividing force, warfare is fact another catalyst of culture contact. We provide insight into demographic dynamics ancient by reporting genome-wide data from fifth-century soldiers who fought for army Greek Sicilian colony Himera, along with representatives civilian population, nearby indigenous settlements, 96 present-day individuals Italy Greece. Unlike rest...
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in rare and common forms of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Additionally, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have shown to be causal for T2DM pathogenesis. So far, many studies investigated the possibility that mtDNA variation might affect risk T2DM, however, when found, haplogroup association rarely replicated, even related populations, possibly due an inadequate level resolution. Effects on complications also proposed. However, additional evaluating...
Abstract Recent analyses of mitochondrial genomes from Native Americans have brought the overall number recognized maternal founding lineages just four to a current count 15. However, because their relative low frequency, almost nothing is known for some these lineages. This leaves considerable void in understanding events that led colonization Americas following Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this study, we identified and completely sequenced 14 DNAs belonging one extremely rare American...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of macro-haplogroup L (excluding the derived L3 branches M and N) represent majority typical sub-Saharan mtDNA variability. In Europe, these mtDNAs account for <1% total but, when analyzed at level control region, they show no signals having evolved within European continent, an observation that is compatible with a recent arrival from African continent. To further evaluate this issue, we 69 mitochondrial genomes belonging to various sublineages wide...
In Italy, the crisis of wool industry triggered necessity to reconvert two traditional Merino-derived breeds, Gentile di Puglia and Sopravissana, meat production, by creating Merinizzata Italiana. The aim present study was assess genetic diversity these three Italian (IMd) breeds examining molecular information encoded in maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A parallel investigation performed on putative paternal maternal Merino from Spain Appenninica respectively, as well...
Background Genetic studies support the scenario that Bos taurus domestication occurred in Near East during Neolithic transition about 10 thousand years (ky) ago, with likely exception of a minor secondary event Italy. However, despite proven effectiveness whole mitochondrial genome data providing valuable information concerning origin taurine cattle, until now no population surveys have been carried out at level mitogenomes local breeds from or surrounding areas. Egypt is close geographic...
Background Over the past 15 years, 300 out of 6000 breeds all farm animal species identified by Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations (FAO) have gone extinct. Among cattle, many Podolian are seriously endangered in various European areas. cattle include a group very ancient breeds, phenotypically close to aurochs ancestors (Bos primigenius). The aim present study was assess genetic diversity reconstruct their origin. Methodology mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-regions 18 been...
Toxoplasmosis is a re-emerging food-borne zoonosis of warm-blooded animals caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite with complex biological cycle. Until now, the genotypic approach for discovering putative resistance immuno-genetic markers has never been adopted T. gondii infection. Thus, this study aimed, first time, to deepen these novel insights. In particular, pigs, reared in different farms Central Italy, were phenotypically characterized serological assays...
Pear is one of the oldest fruit tree crops and third most important temperate species. Its domestication took place independently in Far East (China) Caucasus region. While origin Eastern Asian cultivars clear, that European still doubt. Italy has a wealth local varieties genetic resources safeguarded by several public private collections to face erosion caused introduction improved specialized orchards. The objectives present study were: (i) characterize existing germplasm through nuclear...
Abstract The newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes of 107 Asian swamp buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis carabensis ) allowed the reconstruction matrilineal divergence since ~900 Kya. Phylogenetic trees and Bayesian skyline plots suggest a role glacial periods in demographic history buffalo. ancestral swamp-buffalo mitogenome is dated ~232 ± 35 Two major macro-lineages diverged during 2 nd Pleistocene Glacial Period (~200–130 Kya), but most (~99%) current matrilines derive from only two ancestors...
Background The climatic and cultural diversity of the Italian Peninsula triggered, over time, development a great variety horse breeds, whose origin history are still unclear. To clarify this issue, analyses on phenotypic traits genealogical data were recently coupled with molecular screening. Methodology provide comprehensive overview genetic variability in Italy, we produced phylogenetically analyzed 407 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences from ten most important riding pony...
Abstract A rapid, nondestructive, reproducible and cheap DNA extraction method from body mucus buccal cells of northern pike brown trout is described. Buccal were sampled on FTA Cards; the captured was used directly for microsatellite polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analyses. complete concordance with control found. The genotyping error rate ranged 1.9% to 3.3% trout, respectively. This methodology, using first time these materials as a fish...
The Isthmus of Panama–the narrow neck land connecting the northern and southern American landmasses–was an obligatory corridor for Paleo-Indians as they moved into South America. Archaeological evidence suggests unbroken link between modern natives their Paleo-Indian ancestors in some areas Panama, even if surviving indigenous groups account only 12.3% total population. To evaluate Panamanians have retained a larger fraction native pre-Columbian gene pool maternally-inherited mitochondrial...
Number and population size of local chicken breeds in Italy is considered to be critical. Molecular data can used provide reliable insight into the diversity breeds. The first aim this study was investigate maternal genetic origin five Italian (Ancona, Livorno, Modenese, Romagnola Valdarnese bianca) based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) information. Secondly, extent diversity, structure relationships among these populations, by using 27 microsatellite markers, were assessed. To achieve targets,...