A5042025216- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Material Dynamics and Properties
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Proteins in Food Systems
- Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- Iron oxide chemistry and applications
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Enzyme Structure and Function
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
2017-2025
The University of Tokyo
2021
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
2016-2020
European Science Foundation
2018
Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
2018
University of Wuppertal
2016
TU Dortmund University
2011-2016
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
2015
Universität Hamburg
2015
TU Wien
2008
Resonant oscillators with stable frequencies and large quality factors help us to keep track of time high precision. Examples range from quartz crystal in wristwatches atomic clocks, which are, at present, our most precise measurement devices1. The search for more convenient reference is continuing2-6. Nuclear are better than because their naturally higher resilience against external perturbations7-9. One the promising cases an ultra-narrow nuclear resonance transition 45Sc between ground...
The survival of viruses partly relies on their ability to self-assemble inside host cells. Although coarse-grained simulations have identified different pathways leading assembled virions from components, experimental evidence is severely lacking. Here, we use time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering uncover the nonequilibrium self-assembly dynamics icosahedral viral capsids packaging full RNA genome. We reveal formation amorphous complexes via an en masse pathway and relaxation into a...
We study the kinetics of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and its arrest in protein solutions exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior using combination ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) very-small neutron (VSANS). employ previously established model system consisting bovine serum albumin (BSA) with YCl3. follow transition from sub-second to 104 s upon an off-critical jump. After jump, USAXS profiles exhibit peak that grows intensity shifts q values...
The Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) facility is described. EuXFEL first hard free-electron laser operating in MHz repetition range which provides novel science opportunities. aim of MID to enable studies nano-structured materials, liquids, soft- hard-condensed matter using bright beams generated by EuXFEL. Particular emphasis on structure dynamics materials coherent scattering imaging X-rays. Commission started end 2018...
The liquid-to-solid phase transition is a complex process that difficult to investigate experimentally with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. A key aspect of the formation critical seed crystalline in supercooled liquid, is, liquid metastable state below melting temperature. This stochastic commonly described within framework classical nucleation theory, but accurate tests theory atomic molecular liquids are challenging. Here, we employ femtosecond x-ray diffraction from...
The influence of pressure on the structure and protein-protein interaction potential dense protein solutions was studied analyzed using small-angle x-ray scattering in combination with a liquid state theoretical approach. structural as well parameters lysozyme are affected by nonlinear way. properties water lead to modification interactions below 4 kbar, which might have significant consequences for stability proteins extreme natural environments.
We present results from small-angle x-ray scattering data on the effect of high pressure phase behavior dense lysozyme solutions in liquid-liquid separation region, and characterize underlying intermolecular protein-protein interactions as a function temperature this region space. A reentrant has been discovered at elevated pressures, which originates dependence solvent-mediated interactions.
This study explores the possibility of measuring dynamics proteins in solution using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) at nearly diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs). We calculate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) XPCS experiments from a concentrated lysozyme length scale hydrodynamic radius protein molecule. take into account limitations given by critical dose and find expressions for SNR as function beam size, sample-to-detector distance energy. Specifically, we show that...
Dynamics and kinetics in soft matter physics, biology, nanoscience frequently occur on fast (sub)microsecond but not ultrafast timescales which are difficult to probe experimentally. The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL), a megahertz hard source, enables such experiments via taking series of diffraction patterns at repetition rates up 4.5 MHz. Here, we demonstrate photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) with submicrosecond time resolution samples the XFEL. We show that XFEL...
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have opened up unprecedented opportunities for time-resolved nano-scale imaging with X-rays. Near-field propagation-based imaging, and in particular near-field holography (NFH) its high-resolution implementation cone-beam geometry, can offer full-field views of a specimen's dynamics captured by single XFEL pulses. To exploit this capability, example optical-pump/X-ray-probe schemes, the stochastic nature self-amplified spontaneous emission pulses, i.e. beam...
Abstract Cavitation bubbles can be seeded from a plasma following optical breakdown, by focusing an intense laser in water. The fast dynamics are associated with extreme states of gas and liquid, especially the nascent state. This offers unique setting to probe water vapor far-from equilibrium. However, current techniques cannot quantify these early due contrast resolution limitations. X-ray holography single free-electron pulses has now enabled quasi-instantaneous high structural...
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with megahertz repetition rate can provide novel insights into structural dynamics of biological macromolecule solutions. However, very high dose rates lead to beam-induced and changes due radiation damage. Here, we probe the dense antibody protein (Ig-PEG) solutions using photon correlation spectroscopy (MHz-XPCS) at European XFEL. By varying total rate, identify a regime for measuring motion proteins in their first coordination shell, quantify...
We demonstrate that x-ray fluorescence emission, which cannot maintain a stationary interference pattern, can be used to obtain images of structures by recording photon-photon correlations in the manner stellar intensity interferometry Hanbury Brown and Twiss. This is achieved utilizing femtosecond-duration pulses hard free-electron laser generate emission exposures comparable coherence time fluorescence. Iterative phasing photon correlation map generated model-free real-space image...
In the presence of trivalent cations, negatively charged globular proteins show a rich phase behaviour including reentrant condensation, crystallisation, clustering and lower critical solution temperature metastable liquid-liquid separation (LCST-LLPS). Here, we present systematic study on how different multivalent cations can be employed to tune interactions associated proteins. We focus our investigations protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in HoCl3, LaCl3 YCl3. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy...
Stimuli-responsive polymers are an important class of materials with many applications in nanotechnology and drug delivery. The most prominent one is poly- N -isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm). characterization the kinetics its change after a temperature jump still lively research topic, especially at nanometer-length scales where it not possible to rely on conventional microscopic techniques. Here, we measured real time collapse PNIPAm shell silica nanoparticles megahertz x-ray photon...
Successful implementation of the single-photon-counting Eiger 500k pixel array detector for sub-millisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements in ultra-small-angle scattering region is reported. The performance demonstrated by measuring dynamics dilute silica colloids aqueous solvents when operated at different counter depths, 4, 8 and 12 bit. In fastest mode involving 4 bit parallel readout, a stable frame rate 22 kHz obtained that enabled measurement...
Dark field x-ray microscopy (DXFM) can visualize microstructural distortions in bulk crystals. Using the femtosecond pulses generated by free-electron lasers (XFELs), DFXM achieve sub-μm spatial resolution and <100 fs time simultaneously. In this paper, we demonstrate ultrafast measurements at European XFEL to an optically driven longitudinal strain wave propagating through a diamond single crystal. We also present two scanning modalities that are new sources: 3D 2D axial-strain scans...
<title>Abstract</title> The process of merging bubbles or droplets with one another a continuous phase is known as coalescence.<sup>1</sup> It takes place from the microscale, e.g., in technological applications such contrast-enhanced ultrasound medicine, to macroscale, planet and star formation. Coalescence water an important nature, Earth’s troposphere for growth raindrops<sup>2</sup>. Usually coalescence studied at ambient temperature, but even clouds it temperature range down 235 K,...
<title>Abstract</title> In spite of four decades research on vitrified glassy water droplets, their flow properties in the deeply supercooled regime below 160 K have remained elusive. However, they are key to astrophysical processes where molecules transported between interfaces or state. Here we observe coalescence a deposit consisting thousands micrometer-sized droplets ~123 and ~140 K. Both electron microscopy small-angle X-ray scattering indicate disappearance droplet at time scale...
The structural and dynamical properties of soft-matter systems play an important role in crystallization nucleation theory. Despite their significance, the are still poorly understood because experimental constraints requirement performing measurements with high spatial temporal resolution. Here, we demonstrate MHz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) using a contactless sample holder at European Free-Electron Laser. A millimetre-sized liquid droplet was levitated air via acoustic...
<title>Abstract</title> Light controlled strain engineering of functional quantum materials and modulation at THz frequencies are two formidable challenges nanotechnology. Cheap robust metal-metal superlattices, where periodic repetitions bilayers - each layer a few atoms thick deposited by simple sputtering, constitute thermoacoustic meta-materials. These meta-materials largely underexplored, because the free electrons in metals thought to delocalize even beyond optical penetration depth....
We report a gradual transition of dynamics in sedimenting suspensions charge stabilized Brownian particles prior to the onset macroscopic sedimentation front. Using multispeckle ultrasmall-angle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USA-XPCS), we show that well-defined advective motions dominate colloid during early stages sedimentation. With elapsing time, these currents decay and diffusive become dominating contribution dynamics. Probing temporal development fluctuations at smaller Peclet...