Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) drives oxidative stress and injurious metabolic processes that lead to redox imbalance, inflammation, tissue damage. However, the key mediators of reperfusion injury remain unclear, therefore, there is considerable interest in therapeutically targeting metabolism cellular response stress. The objective this study was investigate molecular, metabolic, physiological impact itaconate treatment mitigate injuries vitro vivo model systems. We conducted flux...

Abstract Itaconate is an immunomodulatory metabolite that alters mitochondrial metabolism and immune cell function. This organic acid endogenously synthesized via tricarboxylic (TCA) downstream of TLR signaling. Itaconate-based treatment strategies are being explored to mitigate numerous inflammatory conditions. However, little known about the turnover rate itaconate in circulation, kinetics its degradation, broader consequences on metabolism. By combining mass spectrometry vivo 13 C...

Abstract Objective Large-language models (LLMs) can potentially revolutionize health care delivery and research, but risk propagating existing biases or introducing new ones. In epilepsy, social determinants of are associated with disparities in access, their impact on seizure outcomes among those access remains unclear. Here we (1) evaluated our validated, epilepsy-specific LLM for intrinsic bias, (2) used LLM-extracted to determine if different demographic groups have outcomes. Materials...

Arctic ground squirrels provide a unique model to investigate metabolic responses hibernation in mammals. During winter months these rodents are exposed severe hypothermia, prolonged fasting, and hypoxemia. In the light of their role oxygen transport/off-loading owing absence nuclei organelles (and thus de novo protein synthesis capacity), mature red blood cells have evolved programs counteract physiological or pathological However, cell metabolism has not yet been investigated. Here we...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents. DOX known for inducing cardiotoxicity, resulting in long-term development heart failure. Intravascular delivery may benefit from carriage by red blood cells (RBCs), as they can limit systemic toxicity while delivering to tumor. This study proposes a methodology synthesis electrophoretically DOX-loaded (RBC-DOX), well assessment its antitumorigenic effects human colon cancer (HT-29), and xenograft models. In addition, healthy...

Tumors depend on a blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients, making tumor vasculature an attractive anticancer target. However, only fraction of patients with cancer benefit from angiogenesis inhibitors. Whether antiangiogenic therapy would be more effective if targeted individuals specific characteristics is unknown. To better characterize the vascular environment both within between types, we developed standardized metric - endothelial index (EI) estimate density in over 10,000 human...

Abstract Objective Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy. An increasingly identified subset patients with TLE consists those who show bilaterally independent temporal seizures. The purpose this study was to leverage network neuroscience better understand interictal whole brain bilateral (BiTLE). Methods In study, using a multicenter resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data set, we constructed whole‐brain networks 19 BiTLE, and...

Longitudinal EEG recorded by implanted devices is critical for understanding and managing epilepsy. Recent research reports patient-specific, multi-day cycles in device-detected epileptiform events that coincide with increased likelihood of clinical seizures. Understanding these could elucidate mechanisms generating seizures advance drug neurostimulation therapies.

Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HS) by blood transfusion restores oxygen (O2) delivery and provides hemodynamic stability. Current regulations allow red cells (RBCs) to be stored used for up 42 days. During storage, RBCs undergo many structural functional changes. These storage lesions have been associated with adverse events increased mortality after transfusion, increasing the need improved RBC protocols. This study evaluates efficacy of anaerobically resuscitate rats severe HS...

Functional gradients have been used to study differences in connectivity between healthy and diseased brain states, however this work has largely focused on the cortex. Because subcortex plays a key role seizure initiation temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), subcortical functional-connectivity may help further elucidate brains TLE, as well left (L)-TLE right (R)-TLE. In work, we calculated (SFGs) from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) by measuring similarity profiles of voxels cortical gray...

Abstract Objective Clinicians use intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in conjunction with noninvasive brain imaging to identify epileptic networks and target therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy cases. Our goal was promote ongoing future collaboration by automating the process of “electrode reconstruction,” which involves labeling, registration, assignment iEEG electrode coordinates on neuroimaging. We developed a standalone, modular pipeline that performs reconstruction. demonstrate...

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often accompanied by hemorrhage, and treatment of hemorrhagic shock (HS) after TBI particularly challenging because the two therapeutic strategies for HS conflict. Ischemia/reperfusion from resuscitation can be exaggerated TBI-induced loss autoregulation. In resuscitation, goal to restore lost blood volume, while in priority focused on maintenance adequate cerebral perfusion pressure avoidance secondary bleeding. this study, we investigate responses...

Abstract Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common subtypes focal epilepsy, with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) being a radiological and histopathological finding. Accurate identification MTS during presurgical evaluation confers an increased chance good surgical outcome. Here we propose use glutamate‐weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla for mapping hippocampal glutamate distribution in allowing to differentiate...

Abstract Objective Epilepsy patients are often grouped together by clinical variables. Quantitative neuroimaging metrics can provide a data‐driven alternative for grouping of patients. In this work, we leverage ultra‐high‐field 7‐T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize volumetric atrophy patterns across hippocampal subfields and thalamic nuclei in drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. Methods Forty‐two epilepsy 13 controls with were included study. We measured subfield...

Abstract Neuroimaging data acquired using multiple scanners or protocols are increasingly available. However, such exhibit technical artifacts across batches which introduce confounding and decrease reproducibility. This is especially true when multi‐batch analyzed complex downstream models more likely to pick up on implicitly incorporate batch‐related information. Previously proposed image harmonization methods have sought remove these batch effects; however, effects remain detectable in...

LowGAN, a generative model trained on paired high-resolution 3-T and lower-resolution portable 64-mT MRI data, improved low-field-strength image quality brain morphometry white matter lesion conspicuity in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Lymph nodes (LNs) are the staging grounds for anti-tumor immunity, therefore their high susceptibility to metastatic colonization is a paradox. Previous studies have suggested that extrinsic tumor-derived factors precondition draining LN enable tumor cell survival by promoting state of immune suppression. Here, we investigate whether properties itself may impede its ability clear metastasizing cells. Using multiple immunocompetent transplant models, show LNs possess intrinsic...

Abstract Objective Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) at ultra‐high field strengths (≥7T) is known to provide superior signal‐to‐noise comparable acquisitions lower strengths. In this study, we a direct comparison of the seizure onset‐zone (SOZ) lateralizing ability 7T rs‐fMRI and 3T rs‐fMRI. Methods We investigated cohort 70 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A paired 19 had for between two Forty‐three only 3T, eight acquisitions. quantified connectivity...

Abstract Objective Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a common localization of drug‐resistant in adults. Patients often undergo intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring to confirm and determine candidacy for focal ablation or resection. Clinicians primarily base surgical decision‐making on seizure onset patterns, with imaging abnormalities information from interictal epileptiform discharge (spikes) used as ancillary data. How the morphology timing spikes within multielectrode sequences...

Stroke patients are monitored hourly by physicians and nurses in an attempt to better understand their physical state. To quantify the patients' level of mobility, movement (i.e. motor) assessment scores performed, which can be taxing time-consuming for physicians. In this paper, we find a correlation between patient motor continuous accelerometer data recorded subjects who unilaterally impaired due stroke. The accelerometers were placed on both upper lower extremities four severely...

ABSTRACT Background: Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been proposed as alternatives to blood for decades. Previous studies demonstrated that large molecular diameter HBOCs based on polymerized bovine Hb (PolybHb) attenuate side-effects and toxicity. The objective of this study was test the safety efficacy tense state PolybHb after long-term storage. Methods Results: subjected diafiltration remove low weight (< 500 kDa) species stored 2 years. studied in parallel with...

Administration of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) into the systemic circulation is a potential strategy to relieve solid tumor hypoxia in order increase effectiveness chemotherapeutics. Previous computational analysis indicated that (O2) status and HBOC O2 affinity may play role increased delivery tumor. However, no study has experimentally investigated how low- high-affinity HBOCs would perform normoxic hypoxic tumors. In this study, we examined HBOC, polymerized human hemoglobin...

Measuring cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) is a promising tool for mapping epileptic networks, but it not known how variability in brain state and stimulation technique might impact the use of CCEPs epilepsy localization. We test hypotheses that (1) demonstrate systematic across trials (2) CCEP amplitudes depend on timing with respect to endogenous, low-frequency oscillations.We studied 11 patients who underwent after stereo-electroencephalography electrode implantation surgical...