A5009980709- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Cancer Risks and Factors
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Obesity and Health Practices
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
- Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Wake Forest University
2016-2025
Fred Hutch Cancer Center
2006-2024
Harvard University
2006-2024
University of Washington
2006-2024
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2006-2024
Brown University
2006-2024
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2006-2024
Mountain Area Health Education Center
2024
United States Department of the Interior
2024
United States Geological Survey
2024
Menopausal hormone therapy continues in clinical use but questions remain regarding its risks and benefits for chronic disease prevention.To report a comprehensive, integrated overview of findings from the 2 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trials with extended postintervention follow-up.A total 27,347 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years were enrolled at 40 US centers.Women an intact uterus received conjugated equine estrogens (CEE; 0.625 mg/d) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 2.5...
Multiple epidemiologic studies and some trials have linked diet with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but long-term intervention data are needed.To test the hypothesis that a dietary intervention, intended to be low in fat high vegetables, fruits, grains reduce cancer, would CVD risk.Randomized controlled trial of 48,835 postmenopausal women aged 50 79 years, diverse backgrounds ethnicities, who participated Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. Women were randomly...
The hypothesis that a low-fat dietary pattern can reduce breast cancer risk has existed for decades but never been tested in controlled intervention trial.To assess the effects of undertaking on incidence.A randomized, controlled, primary prevention trial conducted at 40 US clinical centers from 1993 to 2005.A total 48,835 postmenopausal women, aged 50 79 years, without prior cancer, including 18.6% minority race/ethnicity, were enrolled.Women randomly assigned modification group (40% [n =...
This report provides a further analysis of the first year weight losses in Look AHEAD (Action for Health Diabetes) study and identifies factors associated with success. Participants were total 5,145 men women type 2 diabetes who recruited at 16 sites randomly assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or control condition, Diabetes Support Education (DSE). During 1, participants ILI received comprehensive diet physical activity counseling 42 group individual sessions, compared...
Context: Isolated soy protein reduces plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.Objective: To identify the agent(s) responsible for cholesterol-lowering effect in mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers: isoflavones isolated together with or itself.
This report provides a further analysis of the year 4 weight losses in Look AHEAD (Action for Health Diabetes) study and identifies factors associated with long‐term success. A total 5,145 overweight/obese men women type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or usual care group, referred as Diabetes Support Education (DSE). ILI participants provided approximately weekly group individual treatment 1; continued but less frequent contact was years 2–4....
Obesity in the United States has increased dramatically during past several decades. There is debate about optimum calorie balance for prevention of weight gain, and proponents some low-carbohydrate diet regimens have suggested that increasing obesity may be attributed, part, to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets.To report data on body a long-term, low-fat trial which primary end points were breast colorectal cancer examine relationships between changes dietary components.Randomized...
Although some observational studies have associated higher calcium intake and especially vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin levels with lower breast cancer risk, no randomized trial has evaluated these relationships.Postmenopausal women (N = 36 282) who were enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative clinical randomly assigned to 1000 mg of elemental 400 IU D(3) daily or placebo for mean 7.0 years determine the effects supplement use on incidence hip fracture. Mammograms exams serially conducted....
Observational studies and polyp recurrence trials are not conclusive regarding the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on risk colorectal cancer, necessitating primary prevention trial.To evaluate eating cancer in postmenopausal women.The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial, randomized controlled trial conducted 48,835 women aged 50 to 79 years recruited between 1993 1998 from 40 clinical centers throughout United States.Participants were randomly assigned modification...
Background: Although the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial) diet is among therapeutic lifestyle changes recommended for individuals with hypertension (HTN), accordance not known.Methods: Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994 1999-2004 periods, self-reported HTN was estimated based on 9 nutrient targets (fat, saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, fiber, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium) (score range, 0-9).Using 1999-2004, we...
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial randomly assigned 36,282 postmenopausal women in the U.S. to 1,000 mg elemental calcium carbonate plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo, with average intervention period 7.0 years. was designed test whether D supplementation a population which use these supplements widespread would reduce hip fracture, and secondarily, total fracture colorectal cancer. This study further examines health benefits risks...
Poor diet quality is thought to be a leading risk factor for years of life lost. We examined how scores on 4 commonly used indices—the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI), the Alternative (AHEI), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches Stop Hypertension (DASH)—are related risks death from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer among postmenopausal women. Our prospective cohort study included 63,805 participants in Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (from...
Triple-negative (ie, estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor, and HER2 negative) breast cancer occurs disproportionately among African American women compared with white is associated a worse prognosis than ER-positive (ER+) cancer. Hormonally mediated risk factors may be differentially related to of triple-negative ER+ cancers. Using data from 155 723 enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative, we assessed associations between reproductive menstrual history, breastfeeding, oral...
Abstract Healthy lifestyle behaviors are recommended to reduce cancer risk and overall mortality. Adherence cancer-preventive health subsequent has not been evaluated in a diverse sample of postmenopausal women. We examined the association between American Cancer Society (ACS) Nutrition Physical Activity Prevention Guidelines score incident cancer, cancer-specific mortality, all-cause mortality 65,838 women enrolled Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. ACS guidelines scores (0–8...
OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), compared with a diabetes support and education (DSE) control intervention, on long-term changes in depression symptoms, antidepressant medication (ADM) use, health-related quality life (HRQoL) overweight/obese individuals type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Look AHEAD was multisite randomized controlled trial 5,145 participants assigned to ILI (designed produce weight loss) or DSE followed for median 9.6...
OBJECTIVE Although the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Finnish Study (FDPS) demonstrated that weight loss from lifestyle change reduces type 2 diabetes incidence in patients with prediabetes, translation into community settings has been difficult. The objective of this study is to report first-year results a community-based DPP (LWL) intervention on fasting glucose, insulin resistance, adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We randomly assigned 301 overweight obese volunteers (BMI...
Emerging evidence suggests that metformin may reduce breast cancer incidence, but reports are mixed and few provide information on tumor characteristics. Therefore, we assessed associations among diabetes, use, in postmenopausal women participating Women's Health Initiative clinical trials.In all, 68,019 women, including 3,401 with diabetes at study entry, were observed over a mean of 11.8 years 3,273 invasive cancers diagnosed. Diabetes incidence status was collected throughout follow-up,...
Triple-negative breast cancer, characterized by a lack of hormone receptor and HER2 expression, is associated with particularly poor prognosis. Focusing on potentially modifiable cancer risk factors, we examined the relationship between body size, physical activity, triple-negative disease risk.Using data from 155,723 women enrolled in Women's Health Initiative (median follow-up, 7.9 years), assessed associations baseline mass index (BMI), BMI earlier adulthood, waist hip circumference,...
Despite experimental observations suggesting that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors (statins) have antitumor activity, clinical studies reached mixed conclusions about the relationship between statin use and breast cancer risk.To investigate associations potency, duration of use, type used risk invasive cancer, we examined data for 156,351 postmenopausal women who were enrolled in Women's Health Initiative. Information was collected on factors statins other lipid-lowering...
Central obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) or waist-hip ratio (WHR), is a marker of body fat distribution. Although obesity disproportionately affects minority populations, few studies have conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) distribution among those predominantly African ancestry (AA). We performed GWAS WC and WHR, adjusted unadjusted for BMI, in up to 33,591 27,350 AA individuals, respectively. identified loci associated with individuals using meta-analyses GWA...
Mechanistic associations between obesity and colorectal cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether adipokines are risk factors for they may mediate its association with obesity. a case-cohort study nested within the Women's Health Initiative cohort of postmenopausal women, baseline plasma samples from 457 cases 841 subcohort subjects were assayed seven adipokines-adiponectin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, hepatocyte growth factor,...
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a highly diverse and dynamic community of bacteria. array this gut bacterial community, which functions collectively as fully unified organ in the host metabolism, varies greatly among different species can be shaped by long-term nutritional interventions. Non-human primates, our close phylogenetic relatives ancestors, provide an excellent model for studying diet-microbiome interaction; however, compared to clinical rodent studies, research...
Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether a dietary intervention designed reduce fat intake and increase fruit, vegetables, whole grains, weight loss, reduces vasomotor symptoms (VMS; ie, hot flashes or night sweats) in postmenopausal women. Methods We included 17,473 US women, ages 50 79 years, at baseline who participated the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial were not taking menopausal hormone therapy. Logistic regression used evaluate associations....