Summary Two approaches commonly used to deal with missing data are multiple imputation (MI) and inverse‐probability weighting (IPW). IPW is also adjust for unequal sampling fractions. MI generally more efficient than but complex. Whereas requires only a model the probability that an individual has complete (a univariate outcome), needs joint distribution of multivariate outcome) given observed data. Inadequacies in either may lead important bias if large amounts missing. A third approach...

Background There is a paucity of information on secular trends in the age-related process by which people develop overweight or obesity. Utilizing longitudinal data United Kingdom birth cohort studies, we investigated shifts over past nearly 70 years distribution body mass index (BMI) and development obesity across childhood adulthood. Methods Findings The sample comprised 56,632 participants with 273,843 BMI observations 1946 Medical Research Council National Survey Health Development...

Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood body-mass index (BMI) have been documented high-income countries; however, uncertainty exists with regard to how they changed over time, the composite parts (ie, weight and height) of BMI changed, whether differ magnitude across outcome distribution. Therefore, we aimed investigate socioeconomic adolescent weight, height, time Britain.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have long been known to be related poorer health across the life course. Previous studies typically relied on cumulative risk scores or individual adversities measured through retrospective self-reports. However, these approaches important limitations. Cumulative assume equal weighting of and single adversity approach ignores high probability that co-occur. In contrast, latent class analysis (LCA) offers an alternative operationalise ACEs respects...

High body mass index (BMI) is an important contributor to the global burden of ill-health and health inequality. Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) in both childhood adulthood associated with higher adult BMI, but how these associations have changed across time poorly understood. We used longitudinal data examine SEP relates BMI three national British birth cohorts.The sample comprised up 22,810 participants 77,115 observations 1946 MRC National Survey Health Development (ages 20 60-64),...

In China, there are an estimated 41 million left-behind children (LBC). The objective of this study was to examine the mental health current-left-behind (current-LBC) and previous-left-behind (previous-LBC) as compared never-left-behind (never-LBC), while considering factors like parent-child communication. Children were recruited from schools in rural areas Anhui province eastern China. Participants completed a questionnaire focusing on migration status, health, communication, measured with...

Abstract Objective To assess the association between macrolide antibiotics prescribing during pregnancy and major malformations, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder in children. Design Population based cohort study. Setting The UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Participants study included 104 605 children born from 1990 to 2016 whose mothers were prescribed one monotherapy (erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin)...

This study examined predictors of low back pain onset in a British birth cohort.Univariate and multivariate analyses focused on individuals who experienced at 32 to 33 years age (n= 571) were free (n = 5210). Participants members the 1958 cohort.Incident was elevated among those with psychological distress 23 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65, 3.86) persistent moderate or heavy smokers OR 1.63, CI 1.23, 2.17). Significant univariate associations involving...

Background The contribution of body mass index (BMI) at different life stages to adult blood pressure (BP) is not well known. We investigated whether changes in BMI across childhood and adulthood, birthweight, influence BP mid-adulthood. Methods results In 9297 participants the 1958 British birth cohort, we analysed measures several ages (7, 11, 16, 33 45 years) years. Positive BMI/BP associations strengthened with age; years a standard deviation (SD) increase concurrent was associated an...

Background Childhood maltreatment including abuse and neglect has been associated with adult obesity, but evidence on life-course development of obesity or BMI gain is unclear. We aim to establish whether childhood maltreatments are related at different life-stages 7y-50y identify possible explanations for associations. Methods physical, psychological sexual abuse, seven ages were recorded in the 1958 birth cohort (n~15,000). Associations child separate tested using linear regression...

Background Sepsis accounts for up to 15% of an estimated 3.3 million annual neonatal deaths globally. We used data collected from the control arms three previously conducted cluster-randomised controlled trials in rural Bangladesh, India, and Nepal examine association between clean delivery kit use or practices mortality among home births. Methods Findings Hierarchical, logistic regression models were explore 19,754 births, controlling confounders common all study sites. tested using a...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) has established effects on mental health. Less is known about its influence adult economic circumstances. We aimed to establish associations of child with such outcomes explore potential pathways. METHODS: used 1958 British birth cohort data (N = 8076) examine neglect abuse (50 years) long-term sickness absence, not in employment, education or training (NEET), lacking assets, income-related support, poor qualifications,...

Background Individuals with obesity do not represent a homogeneous group in terms of cardiometabolic risk. Using 3 nationally representative British birth cohorts, we investigated whether the duration was related to heterogeneity Methods and findings We used harmonised body mass index (BMI) disease risk factor data from 20,746 participants (49.1% male 97.2% white British) enrolled cohort studies: 1946 National Survey Health Development (NSHD), 1958 Child Study (NCDS), 1970 Cohort (BCS70)....

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine trends in child mortality from unintentional injury between 1985 and 1992 to find how changes modes of travel contributed these trends. <b>Design:</b> Poisson regression modelling using data death certificates, censuses, national surveys. <b>Setting:</b> England Wales. <b>Subjects:</b> Resident children aged 0-14. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Deaths poisoning. <b>Results:</b> Child deaths declined by 34% (95% confidence interval 28% 40%) per...

Cortisol levels may be altered in childhood association with maltreatment (neglect, abuse and witnessing abuse) other adversities, yet little is known about whether effects on cortisol persist into later life.To establish psychosocial adversities predict mid-adulthood.Childhood were ascertained the 1958 British birth cohort was measured two saliva samples, one 45 min after awaking (T(1)) 3 h same day (T(2)), from 6524 participants aged years.No seen for or household dysfunction adult levels....

Abstract Objectives: Short leg length has been associated with increased disease risk. We investigated (1) whether taller childhood stature predicts longer adult than trunk length; (2) the effects of early life factors on leg/trunk length. Methods: used data from 1958 British birth cohort height in and at 45 years, years ( n ≈ 5,900). Results: For a SD increase 7 more (2.5–2.8 cm vs. 1.9 cm). Parental had stronger association height, Prenatal were (maternal smoking) (birth order); weight...

Case-control studies have found increased head growth during the first year of life in children with autism spectrum disorder. Length and weight not been as extensively studied, there are few population-based samples.The study was conducted a sample 106,082 from Norwegian Mother Child Cohort. The were born 1999-2009; by end follow-up on 31 December 2012, age range 3.6 through 13.1 years (mean 7.4 years). Measures obtained prospectively until 12 months for circumference 36 length weight. We...

Background: We aimed to establish the association between adverse childhood experiences (maltreatment and household dysfunction) pubertal maturation, which is associated with later health outcome(s). Methods: The 1958 British birth cohort (n = 17 638) includes all born in one week, March 1958, followed up mid adulthood. Pubertal stage was rated by medical personnel at 11 16 years of age (y). Childhood maltreatment (neglect or abuse) dysfunction scores were constructed from information...