Rosa Cheesman
A5058690514- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Parental Involvement in Education
- Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Child Development and Digital Technology
- Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- School Choice and Performance
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health disparities and outcomes
University of Oslo
2020-2025
King's College London
2017-2024
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
2024
University College London
2024
University of London
2020
Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of unrelated individuals capture effects inherited variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and relatives (indirect genetic effects). Family-based GWAS designs can control for demographic indirect effects, but large-scale family datasets have been lacking. We combined data 178,086 siblings 19 cohorts to generate population (between-family) within-sibship (within-family) estimates 25...
Diverse behaviour problems in childhood correlate phenotypically, suggesting a general dimension of psychopathology that has been called the p factor. The shared genetic architecture between traits also supports p. This study systematically investigates manifestation this common across self-, parent- and teacher-rated measures adolescence.The sample included 7,026 twin pairs from Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). First, we employed multivariate models to estimate environmental influences...
Polygenic scores now explain approximately 10% of the variation in educational attainment. However, they capture not only genetic propensity but also information about family environment. This is because passive gene-environment correlation, whereby correlation between offspring and parent genotypes results an association rearing We measured using on 6,311 adoptees UK Biobank. Adoptees' were less correlated with their environments did share genes adoptive parents. found that polygenic twice...
Abstract Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a combination of the effect inherited genetic variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and nurture relatives (indirect effects). GWAS using family-based designs can control for indirect effects, but large-scale family datasets have been lacking. We combined data on 159,701 siblings 17 cohorts to generate population (between-family) within-sibship (within-family) estimates...
Understanding how parents' cognitive and non-cognitive skills influence offspring education is essential for educational, family economic policy. We use genetics (GWAS-by-subtraction) to assess a latent, broad dimension. To index parental effects controlling genetic transmission, we estimate indirect of polygenic scores on childhood adulthood educational outcomes, using siblings (N = 47,459), adoptees 6407), parent-offspring trios 2534) in three UK Dutch cohorts. find that affect through...
Abstract Assortative mating on heritable traits can have implications for the genetic resemblance between siblings and in-laws in succeeding generations. We studied polygenic scores phenotypic data from pairs of partners ( n = 26,681), 2,170), siblings-in-law 3,905), co-siblings-in-law 1,763) Norwegian Mother, Father Child Cohort Study. Using structural equation models, we estimated associations measurement error-free latent variables. found evidence similarity educational attainment r g...
Abstract Assortative mating – the non-random of individuals with similar traits is known to increase trait-specific genetic variance and similarity between relatives. However, empirical evidence limited for many traits, implications hinge on whether assortative has started recently or generations ago. Here we show theoretically empirically that relatives can provide presence history mating. First, employed path analysis understand how affects family members across generations, finding...
Background Theoretical models of the development childhood externalizing disorders emphasize role parents. Empirical studies have not been able to identify specific aspects parental behaviors explaining a considerable proportion observed individual differences in problems. The problem is complicated by contribution genetic factors problems, as parents provide both genes and environments their children. We studied joint contributions direct effects children indirect through environment on...
Fundamental questions about the roles of genes, environments, and their interplay in developmental psychopathology have traditionally been domain twin family studies. More recently, rapidly growing availability large genomic datasets, composed unrelated individuals, has generated novel insights. However, there are major stumbling blocks. Only a small fraction total genetic influence on childhood estimated from data is captured with measured DNA. Moreover, identified using DNA often...
Abstract The major anxiety disorders (ANX; including generalized disorder, panic and phobias ) are highly prevalent, often onset early, persist throughout life, cause substantial global disability. Although distinct in their clinical presentations, they likely represent differential expressions of a dysregulated threat-response system. Here we present genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 122,341 European ancestry ANX cases 729,881 controls. We identified 58 independent...
Abstract Non-cognitive skills, such as motivation and self-regulation, are partly heritable predict academic achievement beyond cognitive skills. However, how the relationship between non-cognitive skills changes over development is unclear. The current study examined associated with from ages 7 to 16 years in a sample of 10,000 children England Wales. results showed that association increased across development. Twin polygenic scores analyses found links genetics became stronger school...
Abstract For most complex traits, DNA-based heritability (‘SNP heritability’) is roughly half that of twin-based heritability. A previous report from the Twins Early Development Study suggested this gap much greater for childhood behaviour problems than other domains. If true, finding important because SNP heritability, not twin ceiling genome-wide association studies. With twice sample size as report, we estimated heritabilities ( N up to 4653 unrelated individuals) and compared them with...
Many studies detect associations between parent behaviour and child symptoms of anxiety depression. Despite knowledge that depression are influenced by a complex interplay genetic environmental risk factors, most do not account for shared familial risk. Quantitative designs provide means controlling genetics, but rely on observed putative exposure variables, require data from highly specific family structures.
Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using population samples (population MR) have provided evidence for beneficial effects of educational attainment on health outcomes in adulthood. However, estimates from these may been susceptible to bias stratification, assortative mating and indirect genetic due unadjusted parental genotypes. MR association derived within-sibship models (within-sibship can avoid potential biases because differences between siblings are random segregation at meiosis.
Genome–wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered thousands of replicable genetic associations, guiding drug target discovery and powering prediction human phenotypes diseases. However, associations can be affected by gene–environment correlations non–random mating, which lead to biased inferences in downstream analyses. Family–based GWAS (FGWAS) uses the natural experiment random assignment genotype within families separate out contribution direct effects (DGEs) — causal alleles an...
Abstract Individual-level polygenic scores can now explain ∼10% of the variation in number years completed education. However, associations between and education capture not only genetic propensity but information about environment that individuals are exposed to. This is because passively inherit effects parental genotypes, since their parents typically also provide rearing environment. In other words, strong correlation offspring parent genotypes results an association termed passive...
Background Anxiety and depressive disorders can be classified under a bidimensional model, where depression generalized anxiety disorder are represented by distress the other disorders, fear. The phenotypic structure of this model has been validated, but twin studies only show partial evidence for genetic environmental distinctions between Moreover, effects variants mostly shared depression, genome-wide distinction fear remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine degree common variation...
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have uncovered DNA variants associated with individual differences in general cognitive ability (g), but these are far from capturing heritability estimates obtained twin studies. A major barrier to finding more of this 'missing heritability' is assessment--the use diverse measures across GWA as well time and the cost assessment. In a series four studies, we created 15-min (40-item), online, gamified measure g that highly reliable (alpha = 0.78; two-week...
Abstract A child’s environment is thought to be composed of different levels that interact with their individual genetic propensities. However, studies have not tested this theory comprehensively across multiple environmental levels. Here, we quantify the contributions child, parent, school, neighbourhood, district, and municipality factors achievement, investigate interactions between polygenic indices for educational attainment (EA-PGI) We link population-wide administrative data on...
Abstract Traditionally, heritability has been estimated using family-based methods such as twin studies. Advancements in molecular genomics have facilitated the development of that use large samples (unrelated or related) genotyped individuals. Here, we provide an overview common applied genetic epidemiology to estimate heritability, i.e. proportion phenotypic variation explained by variation. We a guide key concepts required understand estimation from designs (twin and family studies),...
Children with ADHD tend to achieve less than their peers in school. It is unknown whether schools moderate this association. Nonrandom selection of children into related variations risk poses a methodological problem.