We investigated genetic factors that govern the reduced propiconazole sensitivity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa field isolates collected during a 2-year efficacy study on dollar spot disease turf in five New England sites. These displayed >50-fold range vitro to sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide, propiconazole, making them ideal for investigations mechanisms DMI sensitivity. The CYP51 gene homolog S. (ShCYP51B), encoding enzyme target DMIs, is likely minor factor sensitivity, since...

Fungi are known to utilize transcriptional regulation of genes that encode efflux transporters detoxify xenobiotics; however, date it is unknown how fungi transcriptionally regulate and coordinate different phases detoxification system (phase I, modification; phase II, conjugation; III, secretion). Here we present evidence an evolutionary convergence between the fungal mammalian lineages, whereby xenobiotic I coding for cytochrome P450 monooxygenases [CYP450s] III ATP-binding cassette [ABC]...

Fungicides have extensively been used to effectively combat fungal diseases on a range of plant species, but resistance multiple active ingredients has developed in pathogens such as Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent dollar spot cool-season turfgrasses. Recently, ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) received increased attention due their antimicrobial activities. In this study, NPs' toxicity mechanisms action were investigated alternative antifungal agents against S. homoeocarpa isolates...

A root bacterium identified as Bacillus velezensis CMML21–47 with strong biocontrol activity against two major sweet potato fungal diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Ceratocystis fimbriata was isolated in this study. In vitro bioassays field assays were conducted to test the confirmed its antagonistic activity. The complete genome of B. sequenced, multiple gene clusters related synthesis antibiotics antiSMASH analysis detected. crude lipopeptide CMML21-47 showed high inhibition rates...

Summary Dollar spot, caused by S clerotinia homoeocarpa , is a prevalent turfgrass disease, and the fungus exhibits widespread fungicide resistance in N orth A merica. In previous study, an ABC ‐ G transporter, ShatrD was associated with practical field to demethylation inhibitor ( DMI ) fungicides. Mining of transporters, also known as pleiotropic drug PDR from RNA eq data gave assortment transcripts, several high sequence similarity functionally characterized transporters B otrytis cinerea...

Rhizobacteria are capable of inducing defense responses via the expression pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) such as chitinases, and many studies have validated functions plant chitinases in responses. Soybean ( Glycine max ) is an economically important crop worldwide, but functional validation soybean chitinase remains limited. In this study, genome-wide characterization was conducted, contribution three (GmChi01, GmChi02, or GmChi16) Arabidopsis transgenic lines against...

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa isolates were collected from golf courses in Japan and the United States (2016–2017). during a monitoring study U.S. due to field failure. Five succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) active ingredients (boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, isofetamid, penthiopyrad) examined using vitro sensitivity assays determine cross-resistance. Sequence analysis revealed point mutation leading an amino acid substitution (H267Y) silent (CTT CTC) at codon 181 SdhB subunit gene....

Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot, which can significantly reduce yield and seed quality of soybean dry bean resulting from primarily environmental stressors. Although rot has been recognized as a warm climate-driven disease increasing concern under global climate change, knowledge regarding population genetics climatic variables contributing to the genetic diversity M. is limited. This study conducted genome sequencing for 95 isolates across continental United States, Puerto Rico,...

Chemical fertilizers have greatly contributed to the development of agriculture, but alternative are needed for sustainable agriculture. 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising biological plant growth promoter.In this study, we attempted develop an effective strategy production highly pure R,R-2,3-butanediol (R,R-2,3-BDO) by Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation. First, gamma-ray mutagenesis was performed obtain P. MDBDO, strain that grew faster than parent and had high R,R-2,3-BDO. The...

The dicarboximide fungicide class is commonly used to control Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of dollar spot on turfgrass. Despite frequent occurrences S. homoeocarpa field resistance iprodione (dicarboximide active ingredient), genetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, 15 isolates (seven suspected resistant, three multidrug (MDR)-like, and five sensitive) were for sequence comparison a histidine kinase gene, Shos1, homoeocarpa. dicarboximide-resistant displayed...

Sweet potato is the 11th most important food crop in world and an excellent source of nutrition. Postharvest diseases were monitored sweet storage roots collected from local markets Korea during 2021. Several including Fusarium surface root rot, charcoal dry soft rot observed postharvest potatoes. A total 68 fungal isolates obtained diseased samples, grouped into 8 different colony types. Based on multilocus phylogeny morphological analysis 17 representative isolates, identified as...

Brown patch caused by the basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia solani is an economically important disease of cool-season turfgrasses. In order to manage disease, different types fungicides have been applied, but negative impact on environment continues rise. this study, beneficial bacteria Bacillus velezensis GH1-13 was characterized as a potential biocontrol agent brown disease. The strain strongly inhibited mycelial growth turf pathogens including anastomosis groups R. causing and large...

The genus Alternaria (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) comprises saprophytes and pathogens that are widespread around the world. Currently, more than 400 species recognized within this classified into 29 sections. In study, strains were isolated from diseased leaves of two cereal crops, rice ( Oryza sativa ) maize Zea mays in China. These spp. characterized by morphological characterization phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood Bayesian inference with multiple loci (ITS, GAPDH , RPB2...

Foshou yam (Dioscorea esculenta) is a tuber food crop in China. It rare species of the family and known for its high nutritional value. From 2019 to 2021, rot was observed Wuxue, Hubei Province, Fungal strains were isolated from diseased tubers, ten representative identified based on microscopical characterization multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. A total five different identified, including Curvularia geniculata, muehlenbeckiae, Fusarium commune, Penicillium oxalicum, sclerotigenum....

The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, fluopyram, is used as a soybean seed treatment to manage Fusarium virguliforme, the casual agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS). More recently, other species within clade 2 solani species, F. tucumaniae in South America and brasiliense Africa, have been recognized additional agents capable causing SDS. To determine if fluopyram could be for management SDS caused by these an vitro sensitivity three was conducted. mean EC50 values...

Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) clade 2, is a major and economically important disease in soybean worldwide. The primary causal agent SDS isolated to date North America has been F. virguliforme. In 2014 2016, symptoms were found two fields located on the same farm Michigan. Seventy strains from roots SDS-symptomatic soybeans fields. Phylogenetic analysis partial sequences elongation factor-1α, nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer...

The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) is a class of fungicides, which widely and rapidly used to manage fungal pathogens in the agriculture field. Currently, fungicide resistance SDHIs has been developed many different plant pathogenic fungi, causing diseases on crops, fruits, vegetables, turf. Understanding molecular mechanisms important for effective prevention management strategies. Two have currently known SDHI resistance. target genes, SdhB, SdhC, SdhD, mutation(s) confer SDHIs....

Ethaboxam is a benzamide antioomycete chemical (oomicide) used in corn and soybean seed treatments. Benzamides are hypothesized to bind β-tubulin, thus disrupting microtubule assembly. Recently, there have been reports of corn- soybean-associated oomycetes that insensitive ethaboxam despite never having exposed. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history molecular mechanism insensitivity. We tested sensitivity 194 isolates representing 83 species across four oomycete genera...

Invasive fungal infections caused by Cyberlindnera fabianii have recently increased. However, biochemical kits such as API 20 C AUX and Vitek-2C misidentified this species other Candida spp. C. pelliculosa or utilis due to no information of Cy. in yeast database. During our 2016–2017 surveys, eleven isolates were obtained International St. Mary's Hospital Korea. Here, we describe its morphological molecular characteristics tested antifungal susceptibility against nine agents. The sequences...