A5049294928- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Disaster Response and Management
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- RNA regulation and disease
Public Health Agency of Canada
2016-2025
Response Biomedical (Canada)
2023
Abstract Widespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans raises the theoretical risk reverse zoonosis events with wildlife, reintroductions into permissive nondomesticated animals. Here we report that North American deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) are susceptible to infection following intranasal exposure a human isolate, resulting viral replication upper and lower respiratory tract little or no signs disease. Further, shed infectious virus is detectable nasal washes, oropharyngeal...
Abstract The rapid development and deployment of vaccines following the emergence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been estimated to have saved millions lives. Despite their immense success, there remains a need for next-generation vaccination approaches SARS-CoV-2 future emerging coronaviruses other viruses. Here we utilized Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccine expressing ancestral spike protein in pre-fusion stabilized chimeric conformation...
COVID-19 and influenza are both highly contagious respiratory diseases that have been serious threats to global public health. It is necessary develop a bivalent vaccine control these two infectious simultaneously. In this study, we generated three attenuated replicating recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based candidates against SARS-CoV-2 viruses. These rVSV-based vaccines coexpress Delta spike protein (SP) bearing the C-terminal 17 amino acid (aa) deletion (SPΔC) I742A point...
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype are highly lethal in many species. Since 2014, genetically distinct clade 2.3.4.4 have been circulating Eurasia, Africa and briefly North America, killing millions wild domestic birds. In December, 2021 2.3.4.4b were first isolated from poultry birds Canada. Further spread has since led to infection terrestrial aquatic mammalian Some mammals acquired adaptations previously shown increase viral replication as well novel...
Abstract The zoonotic spillover of the pandemic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from an animal reservoir, currently presumed to be Chinese horseshoe bat, into a naïve human population has rapidly resulted in significant global public health emergency. Worldwide circulation SARS-CoV-2 humans raises theoretical risk reverse zoonosis events with wildlife, reintroductions permissive non-domesticated animals, potentially seeding new host reservoir species and geographic regions which bat...
The pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of disease 2019 (COVID-19). Worldwide efforts are being made to develop vaccines mitigate this pandemic. We engineered two recombinant Newcastle virus (NDV) vectors expressing either full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (NDV-FLS) or a version with 19 amino acid deletion at carboxy terminus (NDV-Δ19S). Hamsters receiving doses (prime-boost) NDV-FLS developed robust SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody response,...
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic, a wide range treatment options have been evaluated in preclinical studies clinical trials, with several being approved for use humans. Immunomodulatory drugs shown success dampening deleterious inflammatory response seen severe patients, but there remains an urgent need development additional therapeutic treatment. A potential drug target is CCR5-CCL5 axis, blocking this pathway may protect against disease. Here we whether OB-002,...
Background: Mild-moderate respiratory COVID–19 is commonly associated with a range of neurological symptoms. The mechanisms linking this peripheral disease to cognitive symptoms are thought include heightened circulating cytokines and other inflammatory mediators resulting in leaky blood-brain barrier increased neuroinflammation (i.e., inflammation taking place the brain). This can lead aberrant synaptic transmission dysfunction. A key component reactivity astrocytes, process termed...
<title>Abstract</title> A panzootic of H5Nx avian influenza viruses has severely affected poultry and wild bird populations resulting in multiple mammalian spillovers, including human infections caused by antigenically distinct diverse virus clades. The unpredictable nature spillover events drifted and/or reassorted hinders our ability to effectively respond retroactively the heightened risk human-to-human transmission. Stockpiled strain-specific H5 whole virus-based vaccines provide limited...
More than 100 million people have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Common laboratory mice are not susceptible to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection, challenging the development and testing of effective interventions. Here, we describe a mouse model for infection based on transduction tract an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV6) expressing human ACE-2 (AAV6.2FF-hACE2). We validated this using previously described synthetic DNA vaccine plasmid,...
The golden hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection recapitulates key characteristics COVID-19. In this work we examined the influence route exposure, sex, and age on pathogenesis in hamsters. We report that delivery by a low- versus high-volume intranasal or intragastric results comparable viral titers lung shedding. However, low-volume exposure milder weight loss, whereas leads to diminished capacity regain body weight. Male hamsters, particularly older male display an impaired recover from...
ABSTRACT The Prion Laboratory Section of the Public Health Agency Canada supports heath care professionals dealing with patients suspected to have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) by testing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for protein markers CJD. To better serve Canadian diagnostic requirements, a quaking-induced conversion (QuIC)-based assay has been added test panel. QuIC tests exploit ability disease-associated prion protein, found in CSF majority CJD patients, convert recombinant (rPrP) into...
Coronaviruses (CoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that activates antiviral pathways such as PKR OAS/RNase L. To successfully replicate in hosts, viruses must evade pathways. Currently, the mechanism of how SARS-CoV-2 antagonizes dsRNA-activated is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate nucleocapsid (N) protein, most abundant viral structural capable binding to dsRNA phosphorylated PKR,...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged following an outbreak of unexplained viral illness in China late 2019. Since then, it has spread globally causing a pandemic that resulted millions deaths and had enormous economic social consequences. The emergence SARS-CoV-2 saw the rapid widespread development number vaccine candidates worldwide, this never-before-seen pace led to several progressing immediately through clinical trials. Many countries have now approved...
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic pathogen that poses significant threat to public health, causing sporadic yet devastating outbreaks have the potential spread worldwide, as demonstrated during 2013-2016 West African outbreak. Mouse models of infection are important tools for development therapeutics and vaccines. Exposure immunocompetent mice clinical isolates EBOV nonlethal; consequently, requires prior adaptation in cause lethal disease. Until now, only mouse model was based on Mayinga...
Increasing cases of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections from immunization with current spike protein-based COVID-19 vaccines highlight the need to develop alternative using different platforms and/or antigens. In this study, we expressed and nucleocapsid proteins based on a novel vaccinia virus (VACV) ACAM2000 platform (rACAM2000). platform, host range immunoregulatory gene E3L was deleted make attenuated enhance innate immune responses, another gene, K3L, replaced poxvirus ortholog taterapox...
There are currently limited data for the use of specific antiviral therapies treatment Ebola virus disease (EVD). While there is anecdotal evidence that supportive care may be effective, a paucity direct experimental to demonstrate role in EVD. We studied impact ICU-level interventions including fluid resuscitation, vasoactive medications, blood transfusion, hydrocortisone, and ventilator support on pathophysiology EVD rhesus macaques infected with universally lethal dose strain Makona C07....
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the aetiological agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has caused a pandemic with millions human infections. There continues to be pressing need develop potential therapies and vaccines inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection mitigate ongoing pandemic. Epidemiological data from current indicates there may sex-dependent differences in outcomes. To investigate these differences, we proposed use common small animal species are frequently used...
Abstract Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) remains an ongoing public health issue that causes impairment for those afflicted and diminishes their ability to contribute society. To address the host response underpinning respiratory PASC, we used Golden Syrian hamster model infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 examined its lung proteome in a longitudinal experiment. We young 6-week old male female hamsters 10 5 TCID 50 virus via intranasal route sampled at 1, 3, 5, 31 days...
Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N9 viruses have recently evolved to gain a polybasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, resulting variants with increased lethality poultry that meet criteria for highly (HPAI) viruses. Both LPAI and HPAI can cause severe disease humans (case fatality rate of ~40%). Here, we investigated virulence containing HA (H7N9-PBC) mice. Inoculation mice H7N9-PBC did not result observable disease; however, inoculated mouse-adapted version this...
The 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic was among the most severe in history, taking lives of approximately 50 million people worldwide, and novel prophylactic vaccines are urgently needed to prevent another pandemic. Given that macaques physiologically relevant preclinical models human immunology have advanced clinical treatment infectious diseases, a lethal challenge model would provide stringent platform for testing new vaccine concepts. To this end, we infected rhesus Mauritian cynomolgus with...
Since its emergence in late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused severe disruption to key aspects of human life globally and highlighted need for timely, adaptive, accessible response strategies. Here, we introduce cell-free dot blot (CFDB) method, a practical ultra-low-cost immune diagnostic platform capable rapid mass immunity screening current future pandemics. Similar mechanism widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), our method is novel...