The presence of methanogenic bacteria was assessed in peat and soil cores taken from upland moors. sampling area largely covered by blanket bog together with small areas red-brown limestone peaty gley. A 30-cm-deep core each type taken, DNA extracted 5-cm transverse sections. Purified subjected to PCR amplification primers IAf 1100Ar, which specifically amplify 1.1 kb the archaeal 16S rRNA gene, ME1 ME2, were designed a 0.75-kb region alpha-subunit gene for methyl coenzyme M reductase (MCR)....

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a robust and phenotypically versatile pathogen which causes chronic inflammation of the intestine in many species, including primates. M. infection widespread domestic livestock present retail pasteurized cows' milk United Kingdom and, potentially, elsewhere. Water supplies are also at risk. The involvement Crohn's disease (CD) humans has been uncertain because substantial difficulties detecting this pathogen. In its Ziehl-Neelsen...

Abstract The interface between groundwater and surface water within riverine/riparian ecosystems—the hyporheic zone (HZ)—is experiencing a rapid growth of research interest from range scientific disciplines, often with different perspectives. majority the multi‐disciplinary aims to elucidate HZ process dynamics their importance for ecohydrology biogeochemical cycling. This paper presents critical inter‐disciplinary review recent advances centred on highlights current state knowledge...

ABSTRACT Oxytetracycline-resistant (OT r ) mesophilic aeromonads were recovered from untreated hospital effluent (72 isolates) and fish farm hatchery tanks (91 at sites within the English Lake District, Cumbria, England. The transfer of OT plasmids these isolates was investigated. Using Escherichia coli J53-1 as a recipient, 11 site 6 transferred (designated pFBAOT1 to 17). Original identified using fatty acid methyl ester fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism comparisons either...

Declines in insect pollinators Europe have been linked to changes land use. Pollinator nutrition is dependent on floral resources (i.e., nectar and pollen), which are landscape composition. Here, we present a stratified analysis of the nutritional composition beebread managed honeybee hives with view examining potential sources variation its Specifically, tested hypothesis that correlates local use therefore available resources. The results demonstrated starch, lipid, moisture contents all...

Sufficiently diverse and abundant resources are essential for generalist consumers, form an important part of a suite conservation strategies pollinators. Honey bees foragers dependent on forage to adequately meet their nutritional needs. Through analysis stored pollen (bee bread) samples obtained from 26 honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) hives across NW-England, we quantified bread content the plant species that produced these stores pollen. Protein was most nutrient by mass (63%), followed...

ABSTRACT In South Wales, United Kingdom, a populated coastal region lies beneath hill pastures grazed by livestock in which Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is endemic. The Taff spate river running off the hills and through principal city of Cardiff. We sampled water above Cardiff twice weekly from November 2001 to 2002. M. was detected IS 900 PCR culture. Thirty-one 96 daily samples (32.3%) were positive, 12 grew bovine strains. Amplicon sequences colonies identical sequence with...

Oligonucleotide sequences selected from the 16S rRNA genes of various species ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were evaluated as specific PCR amplification primers and probes. The specificities primer pairs for eubacterial, Nitrosospira Nitrosomonas established with sequence databases, used to amplify DNA laboratory cultures environmental samples. Eubacterial amplified samples soil activated sludge hybridized an oligonucleotide probe spp., but not a Nitrosomonas-specific probe. Lakewater sediment...

The potential for methane oxidation was measured, and methanotroph gene sequences studied, in a peat core from the Moorhouse Nature Reserve, UK. Methane observed all depths of (down to 30 cm), inhibited by addition acetylene, indicating involvement methane-oxidising bacteria. A peak activity shown 10–12 cm horizon, below which decreased with depth. Above this relatively high showed little change 16S rDNA libraries several sections were screened probes designed detect genera Methylomonas,...

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from infected animals enters surface waters and rivers in runoff contaminated pastures. We studied the River Tywi South Wales, United Kingdom, whose catchment comprises 1,100 km 2 containing more than a million dairy beef cattle 1.3 sheep. The is abstracted for domestic water supply. Between August 2002 April 2003, 48 of 70 (68.8%) twice-weekly river samples tested positive by IS 900 PCR. In water, organisms were associated with suspended...

Abstract Microbial communities, associated with almost all metazoans, can be inherited from the environment. Although honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) gut microbiome is well documented, studies of focus on just a small component bee microbiome. Other key areas such as comb, propolis, honey, and stored pollen (bee bread) are poorly understood. Furthermore, little known about relationship between pollinator its Here we present study bread land use. We estimated bacterial community composition...

Abstract This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the lacuna in community engagement and water, sanitation hygiene (WASH) sub-Saharan countries. By responding to a set of identified WASH-related questions engagement, it explores through different disciplinary lenses challenges opportunities this significant area that impacts human health. brought together disciplines water engineering, environmental microbiology, public health infectious disease, design research,...

The relationship of mixotrophic and autotrophic Thiothrix species to morphologically similar chemoorganotrophic bacteria (e.g. Leucothrix species, Eikelboom type 021N bacteria) has been a matter debate for some years. These have alternatively grouped together on the basis shared morphological features or separated their nutrition. Many these are difficult maintain in axenic culture and, until recently, few isolates were available allow comprehensive phenotypic genotypic characterization....

The alpha replicons of the multi-replicon plasmids pGSH500 and pLV1402 have been characterized by DNA sequence analysis. Analysis a 3672 bp HindIII fragment from pFDT100, which contains replicon, revealed similarity to number belonging to, or related those IncFII family. replicon region copA, tapA, repA oriR, replication initiation termination sites are R1. A copB gene was found lie upstream site in parental plasmid pGSH500. Downstream 707 shows 72·6% identity Escherichia coli chromosome at...

Rapid and direct viability assessment of Escherichia coli in filtered, sterile lake water was possible using multiparameter flow cytometry. Fluorescent dyes were used as probes for different cellular functions (membrane potential, membrane integrity intracellular enzyme activity), which correlated with the ability cells to respond nutrient addition while a stressed state. Measurement several criteria circumvented limitations imposed by other methods, provided extensive evidence validity...

The survival of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. was investigated in sterile and untreated lake water. In water (filtered autoclaved), it found that cells A. entered a nonculturable but viable condition. Viability determined by flow cytometry with the dye rhodamine 123, which is taken up maintained within membrane potential. For studies water, marked xylE gene using plasmid pLV1013. Marked were detected growth on tryptone soy agar supplemented kanamycin. Cells also polymerase chain reaction DNA...

The incidence of antibiotic resistance was determined in over 2000 bacteria which were divided into the following groups: faecal streptococci, coliforms (excluding Escherichia coli ), E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. and aquatic (i.e. predominant lake water excluded from previous four categories). isolates obtained Windermere (English Lake District) a sewage effluent entered lake. With exception higher isolated than those effluent, ranked according to groups > streptococci. highest multiple...

Microbiological activity in the natural world is of key importance integrated functioning ecosystems, yet we remain largely ignorant role and relevance vast majority microorganisms. This ignorance due to widely acknowledged, but unresolved problems methodologies. Application flow cytometry such studies has already revolutionised our understanding marine photosynthetic planktonic microorganisms, revealed new levels complexity behaviour bacterial populations produced a reliable screening...

Plasmid systems with unique markers were constructed to assess the fate of recombinant DNA and genetically manipulated bacteria in soil freshwater model environments. On such constructs marker gene, xylE (for catechol 2,3-dioxygenase), is expressed from lambda promoter pL or pR, each which controlled by temperature-sensitive repressor c1857. Combinations these elements cloned into broad-host-range plasmid pKT230 form pLV1010 (pL-xylE), pLV1011 (pL-xylE-c1857), pLV1013 (pR-xylE-c1857). The...

A range of fluorescent viability dyes were used in conjunction with flow cytometry to rapidly enumerate viable bacteria from freshwater environments. Optimal labelling was achieved by using carboxyfluorescein diacetate or chemchrome B a detergent-mediated permeabilization step. The bacterial count under optimal conditions 7% oligotrophic lake water and 75% polluted river water.