A5084762162- Gut microbiota and health
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Lipid metabolism and disorders
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Digestive system and related health
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Microscopic Colitis
University of Pennsylvania
2015-2025
California University of Pennsylvania
2020-2025
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
2023-2024
Cornell University
2011-2017
Significance It is generally thought that the gut microbes consume oxygen and maintain lumen in a deeply anaerobic state. However, we found of germ-free mice also anaerobic, suggesting there exist other mechanisms responsible for consumption addition to microbes’ respiration. These comprise oxidative reactions, such as oxidation lipids organic substrates. Both microbiota chemistry regulate luminal levels turn influence composition microbial communities throughout intestinal tract.
Bacterial urease activity of the gut microbiota alters nitrogen flux, leading to dysbiosis and worsening colitis in mice.
The microbiome has been implicated in the initiation and persistence of inflammatory bowel disease. Despite fact that diet is one most potent modulators composition function dietary intervention first-line therapy for treating pediatric Crohn's disease, relationships between diet-induced remission, enteropathy, are poorly understood. Here, we leverage a naturally-occurring canine model chronic enteropathy exhibits robust remission following nutritional therapy, to perform longitudinal study...
The cervicovaginal (CV) microbiome is highly associated with vaginal health and disease in both pregnant nonpregnant individuals. An overabundance of Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis) the CV space commonly adverse reproductive outcomes including bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted diseases, preterm birth, while presence Lactobacillus spp. often health. While host-microbial interactions are hypothesized to contribute disease, mechanisms by which these regulate epithelial...
The baseline composition of T cells directly affects later response to pathogens, but the complexity precursor states remains poorly defined. Here, we examined state severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific in unexposed individuals. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ were identified prepandemic blood samples by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramer staining and enrichment. Our data revealed a substantial number that expressed memory phenotype markers....
Bacterial translocation from the gut microbiota is a source of sepsis in susceptible patients. Previous work suggests that overgrowth pathobionts, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, increases risk disseminated infection. Our data human dietary intervention study found that, absence fiber, K. pneumoniae bloomed during recovery antibiotic treatment. We thus hypothesized nutrients directly support or suppress colonization this pathobiont microbiota. Consistent with our humans, complex...
Altered plasma acylcarnitine levels are well-known biomarkers for a variety of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders and can be used as an alternative energy source the intestinal epithelium when short-chain acids low. These membrane-permeable intermediates excreted into gut lumen via bile increased in feces patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
There is great interest in identifying microbiome features as reliable noninvasive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for non-cirrhotic NASH fibrosis. Several cross-sectional studies have reported gut associated with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, where the most prominent are cirrhosis. However, no large, prospectively collected data exist establishing that discern fibrosis, integrate fecal metabolome disease biomarkers, unconfounded by BMI age.
Complications of short bowel syndrome (SBS) include malabsorption and bacterial overgrowth, requiring prolonged dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN). We hypothesized that the intolerance whole food in some SBS patients might be due to effect dietary fiber gut microbiome. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing targeted metabolomics were performed using biospecimens collected from 55 children with a murine model. Bioinformatic analyses these datasets as well healthy human intervention study....
In the present research, we investigated changes in gut metabolome that occurred response to administration of
The evolving infant gut microbiome influences host immune development and later health outcomes. Early antibiotic exposure could impact contribute to poor Here, we use a prospective longitudinal birth cohort of n = 323 healthy term African American children determine the association between through shotgun metagenomics sequencing as well bile acid profiles liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Stool samples were collected at ages 4, 12, 24 months for antibiotic-exposed (n 170) unexposed...
Abstract Background & Aims Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between the inflammatory potential of dietary patterns and Crohn’s disease (CD). However, relationships these determinants with microbiome remain largely unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluate habitual diet, as assessed by modified Children-Dietary Inflammatory Index (mC-DII), fecal metabolome children CD in comparison to healthy children. Methods A study including 51 6 18 years age 50 controls...
Dissemination of organisms from the gut microbiota is a major contributor to sepsis and critical illness. Patients with cirrhosis are prone systemic infections commonly prescribed carbohydrate lactulose manage hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Commensal metabolism believed reduce pathobiont colonization through short-chain fatty acid production, but its direct effects on pathobionts remain unexplored. Here, we show that consumption unexpectedly selects for mutations in Escherichia coli lactose...