Among cells of the immune system, CD11c(+) and DEC-205(+) splenic dendritic primarily express cellular receptor (alpha-dystroglycan [alpha-DG]) for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). By selection, strains variants LCMV that bind alpha-DG with high affinity are associated replication in white pulp, show preferential a majority cells, cause immunosuppression, establish persistent infection. In contrast, viral low to red display minimal generate robust anti-LCMV cytotoxic T lymphocyte...

ABSTRACT Cell surface molecules that can act as virus receptors may exert an important selective pressure on RNA viral quasispecies. Large population passages of foot-and-mouth disease (FMDV) in cell culture select for mutant viruses render dispensable a highly conserved Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif responsible integrin receptor recognition. Here, we provide evidence viability recombinant FMDVs including Asp-143→Gly change at the RGD was conditioned by number capsid substitutions selected upon...

DCs play a pivotal role in bringing forth innate and adaptive immune responses. Viruses can specifically target DCs, rendering them ineffective stimulating T cells, which ultimately lead to immunosuppression. In the present study we have identified several potential mechanisms by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) induces immunosuppression its natural murine host. The immunosuppressive LCMV variant clone 13 (Cl 13) infects interferes with their maturation antigen-presenting capacity...

ABSTRACT Hypervirulent variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype C arise upon serial cytolytic or persistent infections in cell culture. A specific mutation the internal ribosome entry site FMDV was previously associated with enhanced translation initiation activity that could contribute to hypervirulent phenotype for BHK-21 cells. Here we report several arising passage show an invariant but have a number mutations affecting structural and nonstructural viral proteins. The...

α-Dystroglycan (DG) has been identified as the cellular receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Lassa fever (LFV). This subunit of DG is a highly versatile cell surface molecule that provides molecular link between extracellular matrix (ECM) β-DG transmembrane component, which interacts with actin-based cytoskeleton. In addition, exhibits complex pattern interaction wide variety ECM proteins. present study, we characterized binding LCMV to α-DG addressed role...

ABSTRACT Arenaviruses include several important human pathogens, and there are very limited options of preventive or therapeutic interventions to combat these viruses. An off-label use the purine nucleoside analogue ribavirin (1- β - d -ribofuranosyl-1- H -1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is only antiviral treatment currently available for arenavirus infections. However, mechanism action against arenaviruses remains unknown. Here we document that mutagenic prototypic lymphocytic...

Bluetongue (BT) is a noncontagious, insect-transmitted disease of ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). A laboratory animal model would greatly facilitate studies pathogenesis, immune response and vaccination against BTV. Herein, we show that adult mice deficient in type I IFN receptor (IFNAR(−/−)) are highly susceptible to BTV-4 BTV-8 infection when administered intravenously. Disease was characterized ocular discharges apathy, starting at 48 hours post-infection quickly leading...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease of small caused by the Morbillivirus peste virus (PPRV). Two recombinant replication-defective human adenoviruses serotype 5 (Ad5) expressing either immunogenic fusion protein (F) or hemagglutinin (H) from PPRV were used to vaccinate sheep intramuscular inoculation. Both adenovirus vaccines elicited PPRV-specific B- and T-cell responses. Thus, neutralizing antibodies detected in sera immunized sheep. In addition, we significant...

Arboviruses cause acute diseases that increasingly affect global health. We used bluetongue virus (BTV) and its natural sheep host to reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism by an arbovirus manipulate immunity. Our study shows BTV, similarly other antigens delivered through the skin, is transported rapidly via lymph peripheral nodes. Here, BTV infects disrupts follicular dendritic cells, hindering B-cell division in germinal centers, which results delayed production of high affinity...

The characterization of virulence determinants pathogenic agents is utmost relevance for the design disease control strategies. So far, two classes have been characterized viral populations: those imprinted in nucleotide sequence some specific genomic regions and that depend on complexity population as such. Here we provide evidence a determinant depends neither nor detectable differences complexity. Foot-and-mouth virus lethal C57BL/6 mice showing highest load pancreas. Virus isolated from...

The three-dimensional structures of the Fab fragment a neutralizing antibody raised against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype C1, alone and complexed to an antigenic peptide representing major site A (G-H loop VP1), have been determined. As previously seen in complex same antigen with another which recognizes different epitope within A, receptor recognition motif Arg-Gly-Asp some residues from adjacent helix participate directly interaction complementarity-determining regions...

ABSTRACT Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious vesicular cloven-hoofed animals. In present study we use FMDV serotype C infection swine to determine, by analytical techniques, direct ex vivo visualization virus-infected immune cells during first 17 days infection. We report, for time, that C-S8c1 can infect T and B at short periods time postinoculation, corresponding with peak viremia. There significant lymphopenia involves CD3 + CD4 − CD8 +/− ,...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most contagious animal viruses, causing a devastating in cloven-hoofed animals with enormous economic consequences. Identification different parameters involved immune response elicited against FMDV remains unclear, and it fundamental understanding such before effective control measures can be put place. In present study, we show that interleukin-10 (IL-10) production by dendritic cells (DCs) drastically increased during acute infection...

Soluble cytokine decoy receptors are potent immune modulatory reagents with therapeutic applications. Some virus-encoded secreted interact glycosaminoglycans expressed at the cell surface, but biological significance of this activity in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we show type I interferon binding protein (IFNα/βBP) encoded by vaccinia and ectromelia viruses requires to confer full virulence these retain immunomodulatory activity. Expression a variant form IFNα/βBP that inhibits IFN...

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a non-enveloped dsRNA that causes haemorrhagic disease mainly in sheep. It an economically important Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family. In order to estimate importance T cell responses during BTV infection, it essential identify epitopes targeted by immune system. present work, we selected potential (3 MHC-class II-binding and 8 I binding peptides) for C57BL/6 mouse strain from BTV-8 non-structural protein NS1, using H2b-binding predictive algorithms. Peptide...

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an economically important Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family that causes a hemorrhagic disease in ruminants. Its control has been achieved by inactivated-vaccines have proven to protect against homologous BTV challenge although unable induce long-term immunity. Therefore, more efficient strategy needs be developed. Recombinant adenovirus vectors are lead vaccine candidates for protection several diseases, mainly because their potency potent T cell Here we report...