Abstract Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), secreted from Gram-negative bacteria, are spherical nanometer-sized proteolipids enriched with outer proteins. OMVs, also known as extracellular vesicles, have gained interests for use nonliving complex vaccines and been examined immune-stimulating effects. However, the detailed mechanism on how OMVs elicit vaccination effect has not studied extensively. In this study, we investigated immunological governing protective immune response of OMV vaccines....

Abstract Background Recent evidence indicates that S taphylococcus aureus , one of the most important human pathogens, secretes vesicles into extracellular milieu. Objective To evaluate whether inhalation . ‐derived ( EV ) is causally related to pathogenesis inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Methods were prepared by sequential ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. The innate immune response was evaluated in vitro after application airway epithelial cells alveolar macrophages. In vivo...

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae highlights the need to develop preventive measures ameliorate infections. Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical nanometer-sized proteolipids enriched with outer membrane proteins. Gram-negative bacteria-derived EVs have gained interest for use as nonliving complex vaccines. In present study, we evaluated whether K. pneumoniae-derived confer protection against bacteria-induced lethality. isolated from in vitro...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of and poses a critical public health threat due to global spread westernized diets high in meat, cholesterol, fat. Although link between diet colorectal has been well established, mediating role gut microbiota remains elusive. In this study, we sought elucidate connection microbiota, diet, CRC through metagenomic analysis bacteria isolated from stool (n = 89) healthy 161) subjects. This yielded dozen genera that were significantly...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogenic bacterium that causes various infectious diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from S. contain bacterial proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These EVs can induce immune responses leading to similar symptoms as during staphylococcal infection condition have the potential vaccination agent. Here, we show active immunization (vaccination) with aureus-derived adaptive immunity of antibody T cell responses. In addition, these vaccine...

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common type cancers in world. CRC occurs sporadically majority of cases, indicating predominant cause disease are environmental factors. Diet-induced changes gut-microbiome recently supposed to contribute on epidemics CRC. This study was aimed investigate association metagenomics and metabolomics gut extracellular vesicles (EVs) healthy subjects. A total 40 volunteers 32 patients with were enrolled this study. Metagenomic profiling by sequencing...

The ECE imaging (ECEI) diagnostic tested on the TEXTOR tokamak revealed sawtooth reconnection physics in unprecedented detail, including first observation of high-field-side crash and collective heat transport [H. K. Park, N. C. Luhmann, Jr., A. J. H. Donné et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 195003 (2006)]. An improved ECEI system capable visualizing both high- low-field sides simultaneously with considerably better spatial coverage has been developed for KSTAR order to capture full picture core...

Many bacterial components in indoor dust can evoke inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Bacteria secrete nanometre-sized vesicles into the extracellular milieu, but it remains to be determined whether bacteria-derived are pathophysiologically related diseases.To evaluate (EV) air pathogenesis of inflammation and/or asthma.Indoor was collected from a bed mattress an apartment. EV were prepared by sequential ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. Innate adaptive immune responses evaluated after...

Measurements with coherent scattering of electromagnetic waves in plasmas the National Spherical Torus Experiment indicate existence turbulent fluctuations range wave numbers k perpendicular rho(e)=0.1-0.4, corresponding to a turbulence scale length nearly equal collisionless skin depth. Experimental observations and agreement numerical results from linear gyrokinetic stability code support conjecture that observed is driven by electron-temperature gradient.

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that Gram-negative bacteria–derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in indoor dust can evoke neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation, which is a key pathology of chronic obstructive disease (COPD). Escherichia coli ubiquitous bacterium present and secretes nanometer-sized into the milieu. In current study, we evaluated role E. coli–derived EVs on development COPD, such as emphysema. were prepared by sequential ultrafiltration ultracentrifugation. COPD phenotypes...

A collective scattering system has been installed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) to measure electron gyroscale fluctuations in NSTX plasmas. The measures with k⊥ρe≲0.6 and k⊥≲20 cm−1. Up five distinct wavenumbers are measured simultaneously, large toroidal curvature of plasmas provides enhanced spatial localization. Steerable optics can position volume throughout plasma from magnetic axis outboard edge. Initial measurements indicate rich turbulent dynamics gyroscale. will...

The aim of this study is to investigate the composition microbiota in biliary tract cancer patients and healthy adults by metagenome analysis evaluate its potential values as biomarkers for cancer.Patients who were diagnosed with or benign inflammation enrolled study. control group consisted presented no history significant medical issues. We isolated bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles plasma. microbiome was investigated 16S rDNA analysis. evaluated each ensure suitability prediction...

To investigate the regulation of NADPH-producing isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) in cytosol (IDPc) and mitochondria (IDPm) upon gamma-ray irradiation, roles IDPc IDPm protection against cellular damage induced by irradiation.Changes proteins irradiation to NIH3T3 cells were analysed immunoblotting. increase or decrease expression IDPm, stably transfected with mouse cDNA either sense antisense direction. The increased decreased exposed gamma-rays, levels reactive oxygen species generation,...

Electron gyroscale fluctuation measurements in National Spherical Torus Experiment $H$-mode plasmas with large toroidal rotation reveal fluctuations consistent electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence. Large neutral beam injection generates $E\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}B$ flow shear rates comparable to ETG linear growth rates. Enhanced occur when the is marginally stable respect critical gradient. Fluctuation amplitudes decrease rate exceeds The observations indicate that can be...

In the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 1435 (2001)], internal transport barriers (ITBs) are observed in reversed (negative) shear discharges where diffusivities for electron and ion thermal channels momentum reduced. While neutral beam heating can produce ITBs both channels, high harmonic fast wave also (e-ITBs) under magnetic conditions without input. Interestingly, location of e-ITB does not necessarily match that ITB (i-ITB). The correlates best with...

A dual-frequency microwave imaging reflectometry system was commissioned to measure both coherent and turbulent electron density fluctuations in KSTAR plasmas. Imaging of the is achieved with an array 16 vertically aligned detectors two X-mode probe beam frequencies (tunable over 78–92 GHz between plasma discharges). The provides capability fluctuation measurements poloidal wavenumbers (kθ) up ~3 cm−1 at maximum sampling rate 2 MHz. Following extensive laboratory tests, further tested known...

Recently, there has been a rise in the interest to understand composition of indoor dust due its association with lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. Furthermore, it found that bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) within particles can induce inflammation, suggesting these might play role disease.We performed microbiome analysis EVs isolated from mattresses apartments hospitals. We developed diagnostic models based on antibodies detected...

Abstract Oral microbes have the capacity to spread throughout gastrointestinal system and are strongly associated with multiple diseases. Given that tonsils located between oral cavity laryngopharynx at gateway of alimentary respiratory tracts, tonsillar tissue may also be affected by microbiota from both (saliva) tract. Here, we analyzed distribution association microbial communities in saliva Korean children subjected tonsillectomy because tonsil hyperplasia ( n = 29). The microbiome...

Abstract Synbiotics, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, are known to confer health benefits via intestinal microbiota modulation. However, significant alterations can be difficult determine in intervention studies based on solely bacterial stool metagenomic analysis. Intestinal constituents secrete 20–200-nm-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microbial DNA, proteins, lipids that distributed throughout body, providing an alternative target for Here, we determined impact...

A new and more accurate technique is presented for determining the toroidal mode number n of edge-localized modes (ELMs) using two independent electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) systems in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. The involves measurement poloidal spacing between adjacent ELM filaments, pitch angle α* filaments at plasma outboard midplane. Equilibrium reconstruction verifies that nearly constant thus well-defined midplane edge. Estimates...

Abstract Imaging diagnostics, such as Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECEI) and Microwave Reflectometry (MIR), exhibit unique characteristics that make them particularly well suited to the validation of theoretical models for plasma instabilities turbulent fluctuations. A 2‐D picture phenomena is provided unambiguously, from localized, time‐resolved measurements. After more than a decade development successful demonstrations on RTP [1,2] TEXTOR [3, 4, 5, 6], ECEI has come into maturity an...

Gut bacteria might contribute in early stage of colorectal cancer through the development and advancement colon adenoma, by which exploring either beneficial bacteria, are decreased formation or adenoma harmful increased may result implementation dietary interventions probiotic therapies to functional means for prevention. Korean fermented kimchi is one representative food providing beneficiary microbiota exerting significant inhibitory outcomes both APC/Min+ polyposis model...

The installation of a new electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) is underway, making use unique optical port cassette design, which allows placement refractive elements inside cryostat region without adverse effects. result unprecedented window access implementation state art diagnostic. A dual-array design has been developed, capable simultaneously high and low field sides plasma with independent features focal plane...

Background Recent evidence indicates that TNF-α is a key mediator of the development dsRNA-enhanced Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens. Natural killer T (NKT) cells may be candidate source Th2-polarizing cytokines. Objective The objective this study was evaluate role lung NKT on TNF-α-mediated response. Methods A virus-associated asthma mouse model generated by administration ovalbumin (OVA, 75 μg) and poly[I:C] (0.1 μg). Role type I evaluated using CD1d- Jα18-deficient mice. receptors...