A5012559765- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Entomological Studies and Ecology
- Helminth infection and control
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
The Pirbright Institute
2014-2024
All-Russian Research Institute for Animal Health
2018
University of Dhaka
2018
University of Glasgow
2013-2015
Medico
1986
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious of livestock affecting animal production and trade throughout Asia Africa. Understanding FMD virus (FMDV) global movements evolution can help to reconstruct the spread between endemic regions predict risks incursion into FMD-free countries. Global expansion single FMDV lineage rare but result in severe economic consequences. Using extensive sequence data we have reconstructed space-time transmission history O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 (which normally...
Rapid identification and characterization of circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains is crucial for effective control. In Oman, a few serological molecular studies have been conducted to identify the FMDV responsible outbreaks that occurring within country. this study, 13 oral epithelial tissue samples from cattle were collected suspected cases FMD in Ash Sharqiyah North, Al Batinah Dhofar Ad Dhakhyilia governorates Oman between 2018 2021. RNA was detected all by real-time...
Following reports of increased mortality in the small ruminant population Sahrawi territories, western Algeria, between January and May 2010, local veterinary authorities suspected an outbreak peste des petits ruminants (PPR). An investigation was implemented 2010 followed up October refugee camps, Tindouf province, with objective confirming circulation virus (PPRV). Laboratory results confirmed presence PPRV 33.3% samples. Sequence analysis revealed that belonged to Lineage IV phylogenetic...
The increasing global importance of Rift Valley fever (RVF) is clearly demonstrated by its geographical expansion. presence a wide range host and vector species, the epidemiological characteristics RVF, have led to concerns that epidemics will continue occur in previously unaffected regions Africa. proximity Sahrawi territories Western Sahara endemic countries, such as Mauritania, Senegal, Mali with periodic isolation virus serological evidence intensive livestock trade region results...
Pastoral populations around the world hold complex and detailed ethnoveterinary knowledge, essential for survival of their herds securing livelihood. In recent decades, several studies have given attention to local veterinary remedies practices validation, conceptualization livestock diseases. Despite this, relatively little has been reported on indigenous knowledge camel diseases (e.g., aetiological factors, epidemiological patterns, symptoms, prevention treatments). This paper focuses...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals. In Kenya, the endemic with outbreaks typically occurring throughout year. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Nakuru County to investigate farmer knowledge and risk factors for clinical disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 220 smallholder farmers, selected using random spatial sampling. The majority respondents (207/220 [94.1%]) knew FMD 166/207 (80.2%) them could correctly...
Abstract Livestock farming across the world is constantly threatened by evolutionary turnover of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains in endemic systems, underlying dynamics which remain to be elucidated. Here, we map eco-evolutionary landscape cocirculating FMDV lineages within an important pool encompassing Western, Central, and parts Southern Asia, reconstructing history spatial over last 20 years that shape current epidemiological situation. We demonstrate new variants...
We describe detection of SAT2 topotype XIV foot-and-mouth disease viruses in western Asia during 2022-2023. Sequences show the originated eastern Africa and were introduced into on >1 occasion. The rapid spread naive animals highlights risks for onward transmission potential endemicity Asia.
The role which West and Central African wildlife populations might play in the transmission dynamics of FMD is not known nor have studies been performed order to assess distribution prevalence wild animal species inhabiting those specific regions Africa. This study reports serological profile extracted from samples (n = 696) collected Africa between 1999 2003. An overall FMDV NSP reactive sera 31.0% (216/696) was estimated, where a significant difference seropositivity (p 0.000) reported for...
Recombination is one of the determinants genetic diversity in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMDV sequences have a mosaic structure caused by extensive intra- and inter-serotype recombination, with exception capsid-encoding region. While these genome-wide patterns broad-scale recombination are well studied, not much known about that may exist within infected hosts. In addition, detection among viruses evolving at within-host level challenging due to similarity limitations...
Phylogenetic analyses of foot-and-mouth disease type A viruses in the Middle East during 2015-2016 identified belonging to A/ASIA/G-VII lineage, which originated Indian subcontinent. Changes a critical antigenic site within capsid viral protein 1 suggest possible evolutionary pressure caused by an intensive vaccination program.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of devastating disease (ASF), for which there currently no licensed vaccine or treatment available. ASF defined as one most serious animal diseases identified to date, due its global spread in regions Africa, Europe and Asia, causing massive economic losses. On Italian island Sardinia, has been endemic since 1978, although last control measures put place achieved a significant reduction ASF, absent from circulation April 2019. Like...
Although African horse sickness (AHS) can cause up to 95% mortality in horses, naïve animals be protected by vaccination against the homologous AHSV serotype. Genome segment 2 (Seg-2) encodes outer capsid protein VP2, most variable of proteins. VP2 is also a primary target for specific neutralising antibodies, and consequently determines identity nine serotypes. In contrast VP1 (the viral polymerase) VP3 sub-core shell protein), encoded Seg-1 Seg-3 respectively, are highly conserved,...
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious of cloven-hooved animals that poses constant burden on farmers in endemic regions and threatens the livestock industries disease-free countries. Despite increased number publicly available whole genome sequences, FMDV data are biased by opportunistic nature sampling. Since genomic sequences Southern African Territories (SAT) particularly underrepresented, this study sequenced 34 isolates from eastern southern Africa. Phylogenetic...
Reconstructing the evolutionary history, demographic signal and dispersal processes from viral genome sequences contributes to our understanding of epidemiological dynamics underlying epizootic events. In this study, a Bayesian phylogenetic framework was used explore phylodynamics spatio-temporal dispersion O CATHAY topotype foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) that caused epidemics in Philippines between 1994 2005. Sequences FMDV encoding VP1 showed FMD resulted single introduction...
As the coronavirus disease 2019 spread globally, emerging variants such as B.1.1.529 quickly became dominant worldwide. Sustained community transmission favors proliferation of mutated sub-lineages with pandemic potential, due to cross-national mobility flows, which are responsible for consecutive cases surge We show that, in early stages an variant, integrating data from national genomic surveillance and global human large-scale epidemic modeling allows quantify its providing quantifiable...
A large epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred in the United Kingdom (UK) over a seven month period Northwest England from late 1967 to summer 1968.This was preceded by number smaller FMD outbreaks country, two 1967, Hampshire and Warwickshire one Northumberland during 1966.The causative agent all four events identified as virus (FMDV) serotype O source attributed infected bone marrow lamb products imported Argentina.However, diagnostic tools available at time were unable entirely...
One of the constraints to controlling foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in East Africa is incomplete knowledge specific FMD virus (FMDV) strains circulating and way which these viruses move across countries region. This retrospective study focuses on Ethiopia, has one largest FMD-susceptible livestock populations Africa. Analyses FMDV positive samples collected between 2008 2019 demonstrate that serotypes O (n = 175), A 51) SAT 2 33) were present country. Phylogenetic analysis VP1 sequences for...
Foot-and-mouth disease Virus (FMDV) is an economically important, highly contagious picornavirus that affects both wild and domesticated cloven hooved animals. In developing countries, the effective laboratory diagnosis of foot-and-mouth (FMD) often hindered by inadequate sample preservation due to difficulties in transportation storage clinical material. These factors can compromise ability detect characterise FMD virus countries where endemic. Furthermore, high cost sending infectious...