A5006473769- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
The Pirbright Institute
2010-2023
University of Cambridge
2018-2023
University of Nottingham
2020
University of Surrey
2019
Oxford Brookes University
2018
Animal Health Trust
2000-2011
ObjectivesTo investigate serological differences between SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases and contemporary controls, to identify antibody correlates of protection against reinfection.MethodsWe performed a case-control study, comparing with singly infected individuals pre-vaccination, matched by gender, age, region timing first infection. Serum samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S), nucleocapsid (anti-N), live virus microneutralisation (LV-N) pseudovirus (PV-N). Results analysed...
African horse sickness (AHS) is a lethal viral disease of equids, which transmitted by Culicoides midges that become infected after biting viraemic host. The use live attenuated vaccines has been vital for the control this in endemic regions. However, there are safety concerns over their non-endemic countries. Research efforts last two decades have therefore focused on developing alternative based recombinant baculovirus or vectors expressing structural components AHS virion. ethical and...
The protective efficacy of recombinant vaccines expressing serotype 8 bluetongue virus (BTV-8) capsid proteins was tested in a mouse model. comprised plasmid DNA or Modified Vaccinia Ankara viruses encoding BTV VP2, VP5 VP7 proteins. These constructs were administered alone combination using either homologous prime boost vaccination regime (rMVA/rMVA) heterologous (DNA/rMVA). DNA/rMVA rMVA/rMVA prime-boost at three week interval and all the animals that received VP2 generated neutralising...
African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is an arthropod-borne pathogen that infects all species of equidae and causes high mortality in horses. Previously, a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing the protein VP2 AHSV serotype 4 was shown to induce neutralising antibodies horses protected interferon alpha receptor gene knock-out mice (IFNAR -/-) against virulent challenge. This study builds on previous work, examining protective efficacy MVA-VP2 vaccination natural host infection....
Precision monitoring of antibody responses during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasingly important large scale vaccine rollout and rise in prevalence
The rise of SARS-CoV-2 variants has made the pursuit to define correlates protection more troublesome, despite availability World Health Organisation (WHO) International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin sera, a key reagent used standardise laboratory findings into an international unitage. Using pseudotyped virus, we examine capacity convalescent from well-defined cohort healthcare workers (HCW) and Patients infected during first wave national critical care centre in UK neutralise...
Background African horse sickness virus (AHSV) causes a non-contagious, infectious disease in equids, with mortality rates that can exceed 90% susceptible populations. AHSV vaccines play crucial role the control of disease; however, there are concerns over use polyvalent live attenuated particularly areas where is not endemic. Therefore, it important to consider alternative approaches for vaccine development. We have carried out pilot study investigate ability recombinant modified vaccinia...
As of June, 2021, the UK population is only partly vaccinated against COVID-19, with many people having received just one vaccination dose (either BNT162b2 [Pfizer–BioNTech]) or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [AZD1222; Oxford–AstraZeneca]). Tracking spread SARS-CoV-2 Variants Concern (VOCs) remains important for understanding levels vaccine-induced immunity and identifying emergence vaccine escape variants. The immune correlates protection to COVID-19 established in phase 3 clinical trials following two...
Abstract RaTG13 is a close relative of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, sharing 96% sequence similarity at genome-wide level. The spike receptor binding domain (RBD) contains number amino acid substitutions when compared to likely impacting affinity ACE2 receptor. Antigenic differences between viruses are less well understood, especially whether can be efficiently neutralised by antibodies generated from infection with, or vaccination against, SARS-CoV-2. Using and...
African horse sickness virus (AHSV) belongs to the genus Orbivirus. We have now engineered naked DNAs and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) expressing VP2 NS1 proteins from AHSV-4. IFNAR(−/−) mice inoculated with DNA/rMVA-VP2,-NS1 AHSV-4 in an heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy generated significant levels of neutralizing antibodies specific In addition, stimulated T cell responses against virus. The vaccine elicited partial protection homologous infection induced...
In previous studies we showed that a recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus expressing the protein VP2 of AHSV serotype 4 (MVA-VP2) induced neutralising antibodies in horses and protected interferon alpha receptor gene knock-out mice (IFNAR-/-) against challenge. We continued these determined, IFNAR-/- mouse model, whether antibody responses by MVA-VP2 vaccination play key role protection AHSV. Thus, groups were vaccinated with wild type MVA (MVA-wt) or antisera from used passive...
Although African horse sickness (AHS) can cause up to 95% mortality in horses, naïve animals be protected by vaccination against the homologous AHSV serotype. Genome segment 2 (Seg-2) encodes outer capsid protein VP2, most variable of proteins. VP2 is also a primary target for specific neutralising antibodies, and consequently determines identity nine serotypes. In contrast VP1 (the viral polymerase) VP3 sub-core shell protein), encoded Seg-1 Seg-3 respectively, are highly conserved,...
Abstract Precision monitoring of antibody responses during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasingly important large scale vaccine rollout and rise in prevalence Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants concern (VOC). Equally defining Correlates Protection (CoP) for SARS-CoV-2 infection disease. Data from epidemiological studies trials identified virus neutralising antibodies (Nab) antigen-specific (notably RBD, S) binding as candidate CoP. In this study, we...
Previous studies show that a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus expressing VP2 of AHSV serotype 4 (MVA-VP2) induced neutralising antibodies in horses and protected interferon alpha receptor gene knock-out mice (IFNAR −/−) against challenge. Follow up experiments indicated passive transfer antiserum, from MVA-VP2 immune donors to recipient 1 h before challenge, conferred complete clinical protection significantly reduced viraemia. These have been extended determine the...
The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the global disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, spread rapidly around world causing high morbidity and mortality. However, there are four known, endemic seasonal coronaviruses in humans (HCoVs), whether antibodies these HCoVs play a role severity of COVID-19 disease has generated lot interest. Of viruses NL63 is particular interest as it uses same cell entry receptor SARS-CoV-2. We use functional,...
ABSTRACT Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is an enveloped plus-strand RNA of the family Arteriviridae (order Nidovirales) that causes respiratory and reproductive disease in equids. Protective, virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAb) elicited by infection are directed predominantly against immunodominant region membrane-proximal domain viral envelope glycoprotein G L , allowing recently establishment a sensitive peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on this particular (J. Nugent...
West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged as an important pathogen for humans and horses, which are considered to be incidental 'dead-end' hosts. We have demonstrated that horses susceptible experimental infection with WNV infected either lineage 1 or 2 elicit a similar antibody profile in serum samples. These data suggest virus-neutralizing responses persist longer than WNV-specific IgM levels there not any notable differences the following of viruses. Furthermore, duration appears short-lived...
Despite the success of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in reducing morbidity and mortality, a substantial number individuals general population respond poorly to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.1,2 Furthermore, only about 20% throughout low-income countries have received their first dose vaccine.3 Neutralising antibodies are key correlate protection from COVID-19, with booster vaccines offered increase new variants.4,5 However, poor responsiveness immunisation increases risk infection disease.
African horse sickness (AHS) is a disease of equids caused by Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) and transmitted Culicoides midges. AHS endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, but during the past century, outbreaks significant economic importance elevated mortality have been recorded Northern countries, Iberian Arabian Peninsula, Middle East Indian subcontinent. Effective control combines application early warning systems, accurate laboratory diagnosis reporting, animal movement restrictions, suitable...