A5081350583- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Healthcare innovation and challenges
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Innovations in Medical Education
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Biochemical and Structural Characterization
The Pirbright Institute
1976-2025
University of Oxford
2022
The Royal Free Hospital
2019
University College London
2019
Associated Radiologists
1998
Plum Island Animal Disease Center
1994-1995
Rhodes University
1988
University of Pittsburgh
1987
University of Wisconsin–Madison
1978
Kings County Hospital Center
1974
Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron/BA.1 lineage emerged in late 2021 and rapidly displaced the Delta variant before being overtaken itself globally by, Omicron/BA.2 early 2022. Here, we describe how Omicron BA.1 BA.2 show a lower severity phenotype hamster model of pathogenicity which maps specifically to spike gene. We further that is attenuated lung cell line but replicates more rapidly, albeit peak titres, human primary nasal cells. This replication also (including emerging BA.4) shows...
Abstract There is need for effective and affordable vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to tackle the ongoing pandemic. In this study, we describe a protein nanoparticle vaccine SARS-CoV-2. The based on display of coronavirus spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) synthetic virus-like particle (VLP) platform, SpyCatcher003-mi3, using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Low doses RBD-SpyVLP in prime-boost regimen induce strong neutralising antibody response mice pigs that superior convalescent...
Abstract Clinical development of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector expressing full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was initiated in April 2020 following non-human primate studies using single immunisation. Here, we compared immunogenicity one or two doses nCoV-19 both mice and pigs. Whilst dose induced antigen-specific antibody T cells responses, booster immunisation enhanced particularly pigs, with significant increase...
SARS-CoV-2 variants may threaten the effectiveness of vaccines and antivirals to mitigate serious COVID-19 disease. This is most concern in clinically vulnerable groups such as older adults. We analysed 72 sera samples from 37 individuals, aged 70-89 years, vaccinated with two doses BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 3 weeks apart, for neutralizing antibody responses wildtype SARS-CoV-2. Between 20 after second vaccine dose, titres fell 4.9-fold a median titre 21.3 (neutralization dose 80%), 21.6%...
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient simian adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, based on first published full-length sequence (Wuhan-1). AZD1222 has been shown to have 74% efficacy against symptomatic disease in clinical trials. However, variants concern (VoCs) detected, with substitutions that are associated reduction virus neutralizing antibody titer. Updating vaccines include S proteins VoCs may be beneficial, even though current...
In the light of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, we have developed a porcine (PRCV) model for in depth mechanistic evaluation pathogenesis, virology and immune responses this important family viruses. Pigs are large animal with similar physiology immunology to humans natural host PRCV. Four PRCV strains were investigated shown induce different degrees lung pathology. Importantly, although all four replicated equally well cell lines vitro upper tract...
Following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in PR China late 2019 a number variants have emerged, with two these - alpha and delta subsequently growing to global prevalence. One characteristic are changes within spike protein, particular receptor-binding domain (RBD). From public health perspective, important implications for increased transmissibility immune escape; however, their presence could also modify intrinsic host range virus. Using viral...
SUMMARY This paper describes the physico-chemical properties of Nodamura virus. The virus infects mice and high yields (107 LD50/mg) were obtained from muscle tissue. To allow for greater ease accuracy in analysing RNA, was labelled by inoculating with [32P]-phosphate during incubation period. Purified extracts ammonium sulphate precipitation, differential ultracentrifuging sedimentation SDS-disrupted pellet a sucrose gradient. particles 29 nm diam., sedimented at approximately 135S...
ABSTRACT There is dire need for an effective and affordable vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 to tackle the ongoing pandemic. In this study, we describe a modular virus-like particle candidate displaying spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology (RBD-SpyVLP). Low doses of RBD-SpyVLP in prime-boost regimen induced strong neutralising antibody response mice pigs that was superior convalescent human sera. We evaluated quality ACE2 blocking neutralisation cell...
Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a transmembrane protein that mediates the attachment of spike several clinically important coronaviruses (CoVs) responsible for respiratory and intestinal diseases in animals humans. To assess potential APN-mediated viral tropism, we characterized APN receptor distribution tissues various artiodactyls (cervids, bovids, camelids suids) carnivores (canids, felids, mustelids phocids) using immunohistochemistry. In lungs, expression was limited to artiodactyls, with...
With the exception of phage Qbeta, RNAs all other small icosahedral RNA viruses so far examined contain a poly (A) tract. This tract has been implicated in infectivity poliovirus RNA. We have now shown that Nodamura virus, divided genome virus from which infective can be extracted, does not any tracts. evidence with shows is necessary requirement for molecules.
Inactivated vaccines have been prepared from one strain of FMD virus grown in guinea-pig pad epithelium, unweaned mice and cultured pig kidney baby hamster cells. The potencies these protecting guinea-pigs against challenge with inoculated infective the same compared related to amounts 25 mμ component present different suspensions. Although it was possible obtain a relationship between content potency for an individual source virus, this does not hold all sources used. It is suggested that...
Abstract RaTG13 is a close relative of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, sharing 96% sequence similarity at genome-wide level. The spike receptor binding domain (RBD) contains number amino acid substitutions when compared to likely impacting affinity ACE2 receptor. Antigenic differences between viruses are less well understood, especially whether can be efficiently neutralised by antibodies generated from infection with, or vaccination against, SARS-CoV-2. Using and...
Abstract Over the course of pandemic variants have arisen at a steady rate. The most recent to emerge, BA.4 and BA.5, form part Omicron lineage were first found in Southern Africa where they are driving current wave infection. In this report, we perform an in-depth characterisation antigenicity BA.4/BA.5 Spike protein by comparing sera collected post-vaccination, post-BA.1 or BA.2 infection, post breakthrough infection vaccinated individuals with variant. addition, assess sensitivity...
The severity of disease following infection with SARS-CoV-2 is determined by viral replication kinetics and host immunity, early T cell responses and/or suppression viraemia driving a favourable outcome. Recent studies uncovered role for cholesterol metabolism in the life cycle function. Here we show that blockade enzyme Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) Avasimibe inhibits pseudoparticle disrupts association ACE2 GM1 lipid rafts on membrane, perturbing attachment. Imaging RNAs at...
Productive picornavirus infection requires the hijacking of host cell pathways to aid with different stages virus entry, synthesis viral polyprotein, and genome replication. Many picornaviruses, including foot-and-mouth disease (FMDV), assemble capsids via multimerization several copies a single capsid precursor protein into pentameric subunit which further encapsidates RNA. Pentamer formation is preceded by co- posttranslational modification (P1-2A) cellular enzymes subsequent rearrangement...
Nonenveloped viruses protect their genomes by packaging them into an outer shell or capsid of virus-encoded proteins. Packaging and assembly in RNA can involve interactions between proteins secondary structures the viral genome, as exemplified bacteriophage MS2 proposed for other plants, animals, human. In picornavirus family nonenveloped viruses, requirements genome remain poorly understood. Here, we show a novel simple approach to identify predicted involved foot-and-mouth disease virus...
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 variants threaten the effectiveness of tools we have developed to mitigate against serious COVID-19. This is especially true in clinically vulnerable sections society including elderly. Using sera from BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccinated individuals aged between 70 and 89 (vaccinated with two doses 3-weeks apart) examined neutralising antibody (nAb) response wildtype SARS-CoV-2. Between 3 20-weeks post 2 nd dose, nAb titres dropped 4.9-fold a median titre 21.3 (ND80)...
Nodamura virus is a small ribovirus containing two RNA molecules. Both RNAs were found to be active messengers for protein synthesis in cell-free extracts prepared from wheat embryo or HeLa cells. 2 directed of 43,000-dalton product, p43, whose tryptic fingerprint was similar that the major viral coat protein, vp40 (molecular weight, 40,000). Though p43 appears precursor vp40, processing did not occur extracts. 1 105,000-dalton p105. Its revealed no evidence sequences. Hence, represent genes...