A5024597692- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
UK Health Security Agency
2021-2024
National Health Service
2021-2024
Public Health England
2014-2023
Government of the United Kingdom
2021-2022
University of Oxford
2021
National Institute for Health Research
2021
West Heath Hospital
2021
MRC Biostatistics Unit
2019-2020
University of Cambridge
2019-2020
Health Protection Scotland
2015
Coronaviruses have the potential to cause severe transmissible human disease, as demonstrated by acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2003. We describe here clinical and virological features a novel coronavirus infection causing illness in patient transferred London, United Kingdom, from Gulf region Middle East.
The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has emerged to cause the first of 21st century. Development effective vaccines is a public health priority.We conducted single-center study, involving 176 adults, 18 50 years age, test monovalent A/California/2009 surface-antigen vaccine, in both MF59-adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted forms. Subjects were randomly assigned receive two intramuscular injections vaccine containing 7.5 microg hemagglutinin on day 0 each arm or one injection other 7, 14, 21;...
Abstract Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis children have been reported worldwide, including 278 the UK 1 . Here we report an investigation 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 28 cases....
Proactive priming before the next pandemic could induce immune memory responses to novel influenza antigens. In an open-label study, we analyzed B cell and antibody of 54 adults who received 2 7.5-microg doses MF59-adjuvanted A/Vietnam/1194/2004 clade 1 (H5N1) vaccine. Twenty-four subjects had been previously primed with or plain 0-like A/duck/Singapore/1997 (H5N3) vaccine during 1999-2001. The prevaccination frequency circulating cells reactive was low in both unprimed individuals. However,...
<b>Objectives</b> To compare the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an adjuvanted split virion H1N1 vaccine a non-adjuvanted whole used in pandemic immunisation programme United Kingdom. <b>Design</b> Open label, randomised, parallel group, phase II study. <b>Setting</b> Five UK centres (Oxford, Southampton, Bristol, Exeter, London). <b>Participants</b> Children aged 6 months to less than 13 years for whom parent or guardian had provided written informed consent who were able...
The annual standard-dose (SD) influenza vaccine has suboptimal immunogenicity in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Influenza that contains higher doses of antigens may lead to greater this population.We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial compare the safety and 2016-2017 high-dose (HD; FluzoneHD, Sanofi) vs SD (Fluviral, GSK) adult SOTRs. Preimmunization 4-week postimmunization sera underwent strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay.We enrolled 172 patients who...
Abstract Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neutralization are used to evaluate vaccines against influenza virus A (H5N1); however, poor standardization leads interlaboratory variation of results. candidate antibody standard (07/150) was prepared from pooled plasma persons given clade 1 A/Vietnam/1194/2004 vaccine. To test human sheep antiserum, 15 laboratories HI reassortant A/Vietnam/1194/2004, A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 (clade 2.2), A/Anhui/1/2005 2.3.4) viruses. Interlaboratory observed...
Background In 2009 the declaration by World Health Organization of a global pandemic influenza-H1N1 virus led to vaccination campaign ensure protection for immunocompromised patients. The goal this study was determine efficacy H1N1 vaccine in patients with hematologic malignancies.Design and Methods We evaluated humoral cellular immune responses 97 adults malignancies compared these those 25 adult controls. Patients received two injections 21 days apart controls one dose. Antibody titers...
Current seasonal influenza vaccines have reduced immunogenicity and are of suboptimal efficacy in older adults. We previously shown that the novel candidate vaccine MVA-NP+M1 is able to boost memory T cell responses adults aged 50-85 years. Preclinical studies demonstrated viral vectored can act as adjuvants when coadministered with protein-based vaccines. conducted a phase I clinical trial compare coadministration alone 50 years above. This combination was safe well tolerated. internal...
SARS-CoV-2 variants may threaten the effectiveness of vaccines and antivirals to mitigate serious COVID-19 disease. This is most concern in clinically vulnerable groups such as older adults. We analysed 72 sera samples from 37 individuals, aged 70-89 years, vaccinated with two doses BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 3 weeks apart, for neutralizing antibody responses wildtype SARS-CoV-2. Between 20 after second vaccine dose, titres fell 4.9-fold a median titre 21.3 (neutralization dose 80%), 21.6%...
Two London care homes experienced a second COVID-19 outbreak, with 29/209 (13.9%) SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive cases (16/103 residents, 13/106 staff). In those prior exposure, 1/88 (1.1%) individuals (antibody positive: 87; RT-PCR-positive: 1) became PCR-positive compared 22/73 (30.1%) confirmed seronegative status. After four months protection offered by infection against re-infection was 96.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 72.7-99.5%) using risk ratios from comparison of proportions and...
Abstract Compared to intramuscular vaccines, nasally administered vaccines have the advantage of inducing local mucosal immune responses that may block infection and interrupt transmission respiratory pathogens. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is effective in preventing children, but a correlate protection for LAIV remains unclear. Studying young adult volunteers, we observe induces distinct, compartmentalized, antibody mucosa blood. Seeking immunologic correlates these distinct...
Background The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended the development of simple, safe, sensitive and specific neutralization assays for avian influenza antibodies. We have used retroviral pseudotypes bearing H5 hemagglutinin (HA) as surrogate viruses which can be carried out at Biosafety Level 2. Results Using our assay, sera from patients who had recovered infection with H5N1, animals experimentally immunized or infected tested positive presence neutralizing antibodies to H5N1....
Background. Few data are available regarding the immunogenicity and safety of pandemic influenza vaccine in immunocompromised patients. We evaluated humoral response to A H1N1/09 solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients, patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, healthy individuals. Methods. Patients scheduled receive were invited participate. All participants received AS03-adjuvanted containing 3.75 μg hemagglutinin. SOT recipients HIV-infected 2 doses at 3-week intervals,...
The objectives of the H1N1 2009 serological surveillance project were twofold: to document (1) prevalence cross-reactive antibodies by age group in population England prior arrival pandemic strain virus UK and (2) age-specific incidence infection month as progressed measuring increases proportion individuals with age. Residual aliquots samples submitted 16 microbiology laboratories eight regions defined groups 2008 stored Health Protection Agency programme used age-stratified UK. Functional...