Julie V. Robotham
A5008442184- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
UK Health Security Agency
2021-2025
National Institute for Health Research
2016-2025
Imperial College London
2016-2025
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
2025
University of Oxford
2019-2024
Public Health England
2014-2023
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2013-2023
MRC Biostatistics Unit
2016-2023
University of Cambridge
2016-2023
University of Liverpool
2022
Abstract We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, those had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after single dose lower older individuals, especially aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody increased more slowly to compared BNT162b2, but waned following individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified...
To analyse antibiotic prescribing behaviour in English primary care with particular regard to which antibiotics are prescribed and for conditions. Primary data from 2013–15 recorded The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database were analysed. Records a prescription systemic extracted linked co-occurring diagnostic codes, used attribute prescriptions clinical We further assessed classes conditions resulted the greatest share of prescribing. rate varied considerably among participating...
Antibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration protection a second vaccine dose remain unclear. In this study, we investigated anti-spike IgG correlates doses ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in United Kingdom general population. 222,493 individuals, found significant boosting by both all ages using different...
To identify and quantify inappropriate systemic antibiotic prescribing in primary care England, ultimately to determine the potential for reduction of antibiotics.Primary data from 2013-15 recorded The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database were used. Potentially events identified by: (i) comparing against treatment guidelines; (ii) actual proportions consultations resulting prescription a set conditions with ideal derived expert opinion; (iii) identifying high prescribers their number...
Understanding the trajectory, duration, and determinants of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform subsequent protection risk reinfection, however large-scale representative studies are limited. Here we estimated response in general population using data from 7,256 United Kingdom COVID-19 survey participants who had positive swab PCR tests 26-April-2020 to 14-June-2021. A latent class model classified 24% as 'non-responders' not developing anti-spike antibodies, were older,...
Information on SARS-CoV-2 in representative community surveillance is limited, particularly cycle threshold (Ct) values (a proxy for viral load).We included all positive nose and throat swabs 26 April 2020 to 13 March 2021 from the UK's national COVID-19 Infection Survey, tested by RT-PCR N, S, ORF1ab genes. We investigated predictors of median Ct value using quantile regression.Of 3,312,159 swabs, 27,902 (0.83%) were RT-PCR-positive, 10,317 (37%), 11,012 (40%), 6550 (23%) 3, 2, or 1 genes,...
Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a key concern, and evaluating the effect testing infection prevention control strategies essential for guiding policy in this area. Using within-hospital SEIR transition model typical English hospital, we estimate that between 9 March 2020 17 July approximately 20% infections inpatients, 73% healthcare workers (HCWs) were due to nosocomial transmission. Model results suggest placing suspected COVID-19 patients single rooms or bays has potential reduce...
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased substantially after Omicron variants emerged. Large-scale community-based comparisons across multiple waves of reinfection characteristics, risk factors, and protection afforded by previous infection vaccination, are limited. Here we studied ~45,000 from the UK's national COVID-19 Infection Survey quantified in waves, including those driven BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, BQ.1/CH.1.1/XBB.1.5 variants. Reinfections were associated with lower viral load percentages...
Background Antibiotic usage, contact with high transmission healthcare settings as well changes in immune system function all vary by a patient’s age and sex. Yet, most analyses of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ignore demographic indicators provide only country-level prevalence values. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap quantifying how incidence bloodstream infection (BSI) varied sex across bacteria antibiotics Europe. Methods findings We used patient-level data collected part...
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may contribute to a substantial volume of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care. However, data on the type antibiotics prescribed for such infections are only available children <5 years UK. Understanding contribution RSV prescribing would facilitate predicting impact preventative measures use and resistance. The objective this study was estimate proportion English general practice attributable by age class. Methods Generalized...
Previous work based on guidelines and expert opinion identified 'ideal' prescribing proportions-the overall proportion of consultations that should result in an antibiotic prescription-for common infectious conditions. Here, actual condition-specific proportions primary care England were compared with ideal by experts.
Abstract Objective To evaluate the duration of prescriptions for antibiotic treatment common infections in English primary care and to compare this with guideline recommendations. Design Cross sectional study. Setting General practices contributing The Health Improvement Network database, 2013-15. Participants 931 015 consultations that resulted an prescription one several indications: acute sinusitis, sore throat, cough bronchitis, pneumonia, exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary...
To assess the appropriateness of prescribing systemic antibiotics for different clinical conditions in primary care, and to quantify 'ideal' antibiotic proportions which treatment is sometimes but not always indicated.Prescribing guidelines were consulted define therapy that resulted prescriptions between 2013 2015 The Health Improvement Network (THIN) care database. opinions subject experts then formally elicited ideal 10 common conditions.Of THIN, 52.5% could be assessed using guidelines....
The optimal dose and duration of oral amoxicillin for children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are unclear.To determine whether lower-dose is noninferior to higher 3-day treatment 7 days.Multicenter, randomized, 2 × factorial noninferiority trial enrolling 824 children, aged 6 months older, clinically diagnosed CAP, treated on discharge from emergency departments inpatient wards 28 hospitals in the UK 1 Ireland between February 2017 April 2019, last visit May 21, 2019.Children were...
To evaluate the association between use of different antibiotics and trimethoprim resistance at population level.Monthly primary care prescribing data were obtained from NHS Digital. Positive Enterobacteriaceae records urine samples patients April 2014 January 2016 in England extracted PHE's Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS). Elastic net regularization generalized boosted regression models used to associations antibiotic resistance, both measured Clinical Commission Group level.In...